Alcohols

Question 1

state alcohol general formula

Answer 1

CnH2n+1OH

Question 2

name of functional group

Answer 2

hydroxyl

Question 3

state structural formula of functional group

Answer 3

R - OH

Question 4

draw displayed formula of following alcohol`

Answer 4

butanol

Question 5

draw skeletal formula of butanol

Answer 5

…

Question 6

state ways of producing alcohols

Answer 6

1) electrophillic addition of alkenes
2) oxidation of alkenes
3) nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes
4) reduction of aldehydes and alkanes
5) reduction of carboxylic acids
6) hydrolysis of ester

Question 7

1. conditions for electrophilic addition, 2. reagents and 3. what is formed

Answer 7

heat, phosphoric acid
alkenes, steam
alcohol

Question 8

1. conditions for oxidation of alkenes, 2. reagents and 3. what is formed

Answer 8

shaking of reagents
cold dilute KMnO4
diol

Question 9

1. conditions for nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes 2. reagents and 3. what is formed

Answer 9

heat
halogenoalkanes, NaOH
alcohols

Question 10

1. conditions for reduction of carbonyls (A) 2. reagents and 3. what is formed

Answer 10

NaBH4, LiAlH4
aldehydes/ketones
primary/secondary alcohol

Question 11

1. conditions for reduction of carboxylic acids (B) 2. reagents and 3. what is formed

Answer 11

NaBH4, LiAlH4 or H2, Nickel, heat
carboxylic acids
primary alcohols

Question 12

1. conditions for hydrolysis of esters 2. reagents and 3. what is formed

Answer 12

dilute acid/alkali
esters
alcohol
ethylethanoate- ethanol & ethanoic acid) acid
ethylethanoate- sodium ethanoate & ethanol) NaOH alkali

Question 13

state reactions that alcohol is involved in/ reactions of alcohols

Answer 13

1. combustion of alcohols
2. substitution of alcohols
3. reactions with Na
4. oxidation of alcohols
5. dehydration of alcohols
6. esterification of alcohols

Question 14

combustion of alohols:
1. reagents
2. conditions
3. products

Answer 14

-alcohol, oxygen
-heat
-carbon dioxide and water

Question 15

substitution of alcohols:
1. reagents
2. conditions
3. products

Answer 15

A) - alcohols, HX
- nil
- halogenoalkane and water

B) - alcohols, PCl3
- heat
- halogenoalkane, H3PO3

C) - alcohols, PCL5
- room temperature
- halogenoalkane, HCl and POCl3

D) - alcohols, SOCl2
- nil
- halogenoalkane, HCl and SO2

Question 16

Reactions with Na:
1. reagents
2. conditions
3. products

Answer 16

• alcohols, Na
• nil
• sodium ethoxide and water

Question 17

Oxidation of alohols:
1. reagents
2. conditions
3. products

Answer 17

A) - primary alcohols, K2Cr2O7/KMnO4
- heat
- aldehyde (further oxidation into carboxylic)

B) - secondary alcohols, K2Cr2O7/KMnO4
- heat
- ketone

Question 18

Dehydration of alcohols:
1. reagents
2. conditions
3. products

Answer 18

• alcohols
• Al2O3, heat
• alkene and water

Question 19

Esterification of alohols:
1. reagents
2. conditions
3. products

Answer 19

• alchols, carboxylic acid
• H2SO4
• ester and water