Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych > Alcohol & Substance Use D/O > Flashcards

Alcohol & Substance Use D/O Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Substance Related Disorder

A

A progressive disease from the use of psychoactive substances, sometimes fatal depending on the agent of choice, to the point in which, health, occupational and psychosocial functioning are sacrifice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epidemiology of substance related disorder

A 
6% of population has used illicit drugs b/w 16-64
40% has used illicit drug in lifetime
>51% has used ETOH over 12
males> females
white MC
60-75% have comorbid psych issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is alcohol

A

CNS depressant that in low doses acts primarily to depress inhibitory centers. Resultant disinhibition may lead to out-of-character activities & at higher doses, alcohol inhibits excitatory centers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alcohol abuse?

A

Beer accounts for 57% of EtOH consumed in the US
Liquor 30%
Wine 13%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Alcoholism/Evaluation

A

CAGE questions: Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye opener

denial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Alcoholism/complications

A

anterograde amnesia
liver issues
fetal alcohol syndrome in babies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clinical Institute withdrawal Assessment Website

A

started on patients who are in the hospital with potential symptoms of withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pharmacological treatment for alcohol use D/O

A 
Disulfiram
Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
Naltrexone
Blocks endogenous opioid release decreasing EtOH craving
Acamprosate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some of the programs used for alcohol use D/O

A

AA
NA
inpatient rehab
detox program

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

definition of abuse

A

Use of any drug outside of social precepts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

definition of misuse

A

Like abuse, but referring to prescribed medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Psychological dependence definition

A

A subjective sense for the need of a mind alerting substance for its positive effects or to avoid negative effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

intoxication definition

A

A reversible condition due to a psychoactive substance affecting various mental functions: memory, cognition, orientation, mood, judgment, behavior, social, occupational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tolerance definition

A

Developing after repeated doses of the drug no longer produces the same effect observed with the original lower dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

behavioral tolerance definition

A

Ability to perform tasks under the influence of higher doses of psychoactive drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

definition of dependence

A

The repeated use of a drug with or without physical dependence
Dependence can escalate to physical dependence resulting in tolerance/withdrawal syndromes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3 aspects to consider with substance d/o

A

The addicting agent’s characteristics:
1. Degree of Euphoria
2. Reinforcement property of agent
The higher the capacity to create desire (reinforcement) the higher the addiction risk
3. Rapidity of onset
Inhalers, smoking nicotine, cannabis, free-basing cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Neuropsychotic effects of PCP

A

Hallucinations, paranoia, impulsive violence
Have no regard for their body can easily hurt themselves/others
Hypertension, tachycardia
Nystagmus, numbness, ataxia, dysarthria, seizures, hyperacusis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatment of Acute PCP intoxication

A

Seclude in quiet area
Restrain to protect pt and others
For acute agitation use benzodiazepine; Ativan
If Agitated and psychotic give Haldol
Evaluate for co-existing diseases
Recovery is usually self limiting and rapid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Life threatening effects of opiods

A 
Respiratory depression
Decreased mental status—obtundation
Decreased tidal wave
Hypoglycemia
Pupillary miosis (contraction)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

OD treatment for opioids

A 
IV Naloxone (Narcan)
IV Hydration
ICU admission for OD to support vital functions
22
Q

Epidemiology of opiods use

A

Heroin prevalence use = 2% in US
Men&raquo_space; Women
Ages 30-40s

Routes of use
Heroin
Injected (IV/SC)
Inhaled
Combined with cocaine IV (speedball
23
Q

Cocaine use

A

One of the most addictive because of the intense exuberant euphoria it produces lasting days (w/repeated use) until they “crash.”

Intoxication
Cocaine binge can look like bipolar cycling
Crashes are followed by profound fatigue, depression

24
Q

What has the highest risk for addiction with cocaine?

A

Highest risk w/ injecting/smoking

25
Q

Epidemiology of Cocaine use?

A

Men > women
18-25 y/o
~10% have tried cocaine
No difference in SES/race

26
Q

What are neuropsychiatric effects of cocaine?

A

Psychosis, anxiety, talkativeness, pressured speech, paranoid ideation, grandiosity, increased sexual interest, restlessness, insomnia

27
Q

What are some signs of cocaine withdrawal?

A

Intense cocaine craving is most prominent sign

Fatigue, guilt, anxiety, feeling helpless, hopeless, worthless, suicidal

28
Q

Treatment of withdrawal symptoms of cocaine?

A 
Agitation
If acute and harmful to self/others
Ativan
Physical restraints
w/psychosis
Antipsychotic (Haldol)
29
Q

Cannabis—Marijuana epidemiology

A

Prevalence ~5%, over use is highest among Whites
Most common abused “illicit” drug
Routes
Usually smoked, can be eaten, but action is delayed
Massachusetts passed the legal use of medical marijuana effective 1/1/13

30
Q

neuropsychiatric effects of cannabis

A

Euphoria, anxiety, suspiciousness, inappropriate laughter, time distortion, impaired judgment

Can cause depersonalization, mild persecutory delusions

Signs: injected conjunctiva, increased appetite, tachycardia, hypothermia, mild sedation

Very high doses: mild delirium w/panic symptoms

31
Q

What are some symptoms of withdrawal from cannabis?

A 
Fatigue
Irritability
Anxiety
Depression
hyperinsomnia
Psychomotor retardation
32
Q

Treatment of overdosing on cannabis

A

Anxiety d/t acute intoxication:
anxiolytics
Psychosis from acute intoxication:
(hallucinations/delusions): antipsychotics

33
Q

2 common drugs that are used as a depressant

A

diazepam
Alprazolam
ketamine

34
Q

Effects of depressants?

A 
Deadly with EtOH
Confusion
Irritability
Exhaustion
Coma
35
Q

Treatment for overdosing on a depressant?

A

Treatment
Airway, Breathing, Circulation
Antidote:
Flumazenil IV

36
Q

Ketamine

A 
Paralysis, numbness
Distortion of sounds and objects
Sedation
Anterograde amnesia with “black-outs”
“K-hole”
Near death experience
Depersonalization
Paralysis
37
Q

treatment for ketamine overdose

A

ABCs

Supportive care, IV hydration

38
Q

What do amphetamines do?

A

Releases Dopamine into cortex via reward pathway (mesolimbic) producing psychotic like sxs when taken in high doses. Effects are similar to Cocaine

39
Q

Effects of Amphetamines?

A

Neuropsychiatric Effects:
Euphoric, anorectic, paranoid psychosis

Cardiovascular Effects:
Hypertension, CVA, MI, seizures, coma, death

Intoxication:
Pupillary dilation, sweating, chills, wt loss, N/V, confusion, seizures, coma

40
Q

Withdrawal symptoms of amphetamines?

A

Dysphoria, fatigue, nightmares, increased appetite, psychomotor agitation/retardation

41
Q

treatment for acute intoxication of amphetamines?

A

benzodiazepines

Maintenance:
Antidepressants
Drug counseling

42
Q

What are the effects of bath salts

A 
Hallucinations, delusions, paranoia
Extreme aggression, combativeness, homicidal
Hyperthermia
Hyper-dynamic Cardiovascular  state
Respiratory depression
Stroke
MI
Coma
43
Q

What are the treatments for acute intoxication of bath salts?

A 
IV Lorazepam  or diazepam every 3 minutes until calm
Restraints
No antipsychotics
Increased QTc interval
Increased hyper-thermia
Increased seizures
44
Q

Other stimulants like adderall and ritalin

A 
Used for:
ADHD
Nacrolepsy
Depression (off label use)
Weight loss (not FDA approved) 
Effects:
Extreme agitation, 
Arrhythmias
MI
Hyper-thremia
Seizures
MI
45
Q

What are some types of inhalants?

A 
Solvents
Gasoline
paint thinners
cleaning products
lighter fuel
aerosol sprays

Acts quickly
Inhalants go directly to the cardio-pulmonary system and into the cerebral circulation
Nicotine, cannabis also

46
Q

Treatment and what can kill you with inhalants?

A 
One inhalation can cause immediate death
Anesthesia
Unconsciousness
Heart failure
Suffocation--hypoxia
Seizures
Coma and death

Treatment
ABCs
Anti-arrhythmics

47
Q

Prescription and OTC drugs

A
  • -Narcotics, stimulants, and sedatives are the common prescription drugs of abuse
  • -cold medicines containing dextromethorphan, can also be abused and lead to significant CNS effects including a dissociative state
48
Q

What are 3 things that a person seeking help in the ED for substance abuse issues should be evaluated for

A

(1) assessment of the need for treatment
(2) placement into appropriate treatment
(3) determination of physical suitability for treatment (medical clearance)

49
Q

TWEAK should be asked to white females

A 
T olerance (2 points): How many drinks can you hold? (Six or more indicates tolerance.) 
W orried (2 points): Have close friends or relatives worried or complained about your drinking in the past year? 
E ye openers (1 point): Do you sometimes take a drink in the morning when you first get up? 
A mnesia (1 point): Has a friend or family member ever told you about things you said or did while you were drinking that you could not remember? 
[K] Cut down (1 point): Do you sometimes feel the need to cut down on your drinking
50
Q

Medical Clearance Required by most facilities for detox admission

A 
Complete history
Head to toe physical exam
CBC, lytes, BUN, Creatinine, Glucose
Urine HCG for women of child bearing age
Urine drug screen (opiates, THC, cocaine, amphetamines, etc…)
Serum drug screen
51
Q

What is the most popular way to drug screen a person?

A

U/A
Yields detectable concentration for most drugs than other sample sites (blood)
Does not measure impairment

52
Q

How does the ED treat patients

A 
All chronic alcoholics in the ED get a “banana bag”
    - Thiamine 200 mg
    - Folate 1 mg
    - Multivitamin
Ativan 1-2 mg po for agitation

Psych (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions