Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Quiz 9 > Alcohol and Nicotine > Flashcards

Alcohol and Nicotine Flashcards

1
Q

**Alcohol Genetic Components

A
  • GABAA2 receptors
  • Serotonin 1B Receptor
  • Dopamine D2 Receptor
  • Tryptophan Hydroxylase
  • Neuropeptide Y
  • ALDH2
  • Serotonin Transporter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alcohol + Environmental Components

A 
Religion
Urban residency
H/O sexual abuse
Single
Deceased parents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alcoholism Medical Complications

A

Alcoholic liver disease
Pancreatitis
Cardiomyopathy
Malnutrition and vitamin deficiency (thiamine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alcoholism Social Components

A

Martial failure
Loss of job
Child and spouse abuse
Drunk driving/accidents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Alcoholism Pharmacology

A

CNS depressant with properties of a sedative/hypnotic

  • As dose levels rise, it will produce sedation, sleep unconsciousness, coma. Last is respiratory and CV depression and death
  • Affects CNS neurotransmitters GABA and dopamine
  • Binds GABA(A) receptor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

GABA(A) Receptor Binding leads to

A

Sedation, CNS depression

Narcotic effects and death due to direct opening of the receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alcohol Dose

A

14 grams of alcohol (12 fluid ounces beer, 5 ounce wine, 1.5 ounce whiskey
Lethal dose is > 500 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alcohol PK

A

Rapid absorption from stomach and intestines (food in the stomach may delay gastric emptying)
Peak concentration is 30-90 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase

A

ADH converts alcohol to acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde is converted to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ADLH)
Acetic acid is metabolized to CO2 and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

**Alcohol follows what order of kinetics

A

ZERO
It doesn’t matter how much you drink, it will only be metabolized at a specific rate
It takes about 2 hours to eliminate one drink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Alcohol Alternative Metabolism

A

2E1 in chronic alcoholism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Alcohol at Lower Concentration Symptoms

A

Euphoria and disinhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Alcohol at Moderate Concentration Symptoms

A

Control is impaired and dysphoria increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Alcohol at High Concentration Symptoms

A

Unconsciousness, coma and eath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define Wenicke encephalopathy

A

Thiamine deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define Korsakow syndrom

A

Basal forebrain degenration

17
Q

Peripheral Effects of Alcoholism

A 
Poly neuropathy
Haptatoxicity
Chronic gastritis
Malnutrition
Vitamin deficiencies
Pancreatitis
Dehydration
Facial features (gynecomastia, GI vasodilation)
18
Q

Natural –> Semi-synthetic
Morphine –>
Codeine –>
Thebaine –>

A

Heroin
Oxycodone and hydroxodone
Buprenorphine and naloxone

19
Q

Opioids + Reward Pathway

A

Project into the VTA and NA to release endogenous opioids (encephalin) which inhibit GABAergic interneurons

20
Q

Opioid Agonists do what?

A

Stimulate the mu receptor in the reward pathway which decreases the release of GABA

21
Q

Heroin PK

A

Crosses BBB and is converted to morphine in the brain

Metabolized by the liver and excreted in the urine and bile

22
Q

Opioid Tolerance Develops to:

A

Euphoria
Analgesia
Sedation

23
Q

Opioid Tolerance does NOT develop to:

A

Miosis
Constipation
Convulsions

24
Q

Opioid Withdrawals

A

8-10 hours after last dose

Primary (7-10 days) and secondary stages (24-30 weeks)

25
Q

Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms

A 
Unhappy mood/yawning
Aches/fever
Pupillary dilation
Goose bumps/sweating
N/V/D
26
Q

**Marijuana Content

A

Delta9-THC

27
Q

Endocannabinoid System

A

CB1: brain
CB2: Periphery (testes, spleen) and granular cells of the cerebellum
Ligands (products of arachidonic acids): anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)

28
Q

Endocannabinoid System MOA

A

Endocannabinoid precursor are cleaved to active form and released after an increase in Ca
Then they bind to presynaptic CB1 receptors which are coupled to inhibitory voltage sensitive Ca channels and activated K channels
This all reduces membrane depolarization and exocytosis (inhibits the release of NT)

29
Q

Weed PK

A

Delta9-THC is a partial agonists of CB1 and CB2

Metabolized by 2C9/3A4

30
Q

Weed Metabolites

A

11-hydroxy-delta9-THC (active)

11-nor-carboxy-delta9-THC

31
Q

Weed Main Effects

A

Increased HR and food intake

Negative: anxiety, mild paranoia, hallucination

32
Q

Medical Marijuana Uses

A

Chemotherapy induce nausea
Appetite stimulant in AIDS
Pain
Glaucoma

33
Q

High risk groups of individuals with pre-existing diseases for physical dependence are:

A 
CV
Respiratory
Chronic bronchitis
Schizophrenia
Depression
Other substance dependence
34
Q

Weed Withdrawal

A

Only in heavy users
Symptoms: increased anxiety, restlessness, depression and irritability, disrupted sleep and decreased food intake
Begins day 1 after stopping and last for 4-14 days depending on dependence

Neuro Quiz 9 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions