Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CLASP > Alcohol > Flashcards

Alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

What can methanol be present in that a patient may have taken?

A

contaminated home brew.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is methanol metabolised to?

A

formaldehyde and then formic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the main symptom of methanol poisoning?

A

blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the treatment for methanol poisoning?

A

ethanol +/- dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the recommended maximum alcohol consumption per week?

A

14 units with rest days and should not be consumed in 3 continuous days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

You should not drink on an empty stomach, true/false? explain?

A

true - alcohol mostly absorbed in the small bowel, the longer the alcohol is kept in the stomach the more metabolised it will be - full stomach will slow gastric emptying.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

At what levels of alcohol is absorption slowest?

A

high levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do spirits do to the stomach?

A

irritate gastric mucosa and delay emptying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What types of drinks are absorbed fastest?

A

aerated drinks - champagne.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What alcohol concentrations are absorbed fastest?

A

20-40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why do men generally have higher alcohol tolerances?

A

higher mean lean mass, women tend to have lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which ethnic groups generally low levels of alcohol dehydrogenase?

A

south east asians - Japanese people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Drinking regularly increases your tolerance, true/false?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why does drinking alcohol make you urinate more?

A
  • tend to drink more alcohol

- inhibits ADH so reduces water reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

is it better to drink small amounts of alcohol regularly or none?

A

none - no health benefits from alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is alcohol metabolised by?

A

alcohol dehydrogenase

17
Q

What is alcohol metabolised into?

A

acetaldehyde

18
Q

what is acetaldehyde metabolised by and what into?

A

acetate and then into CO2 and water

19
Q

Where does alcohol metabolism occur?

A

90% in liver but also in brain and pancreas

20
Q

At what rate is alcohol generally removed at?

A

15mg/100ml/hour - one unit per hour.

21
Q

Example of alternative pathway which may be activated by heavy drinking?

A

MEOS pathway.

22
Q

What are the consequences of the MEOS pathway being activated?

A

lots of hydrogen ions produced which may be disposed of by inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis, citric acid cycle inhibition and fatty acid oxidation impairment.

23
Q

What is the result of inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis?

A

end up craving fatty and sweet foods - especially next morning

24
Q

What is the result of citric acid cycle inhibition?

A

switch to anaerobic metabolism - more likely to produce lactic acid

25
Q

What is the result of fatty acid oxidation impairment?

A

excess ketogenesis, lipid synthesis - alcohol makes you gain weight.

26
Q

What is the effect of alcohol?

A

CNS depression. increased levels of GABBA.

27
Q

What is the effect of alcohol at concentrations of <100?

A

excitement, fun, disinhibited, still in control

28
Q

What is the effect of alcohol at concentrations of 100-200?

A

slurring, blurred vision, falls, wide emotion

29
Q

What is the effect of alcohol at concentrations of >200?

A

stupor, difficult to rouse, loud snoring

30
Q

Why might you have a heavy heart beat during a hungover?

A

alcohol is a negative inotrope - needs to beat faster to maintain cardiac output

31
Q

What is holiday heart syndrome?

A

associated with binge drinking in normally healthy hearts, most commonly a SVT which has a spontaneous resolution

32
Q

What is a possible cure for a hungover?

A

inhibit prostaglandin or a drug that speeds up metabolism taken the night before

33
Q

what is a raised osmolal gap sometimes treated with?

A

ethanol

34
Q

what are the microscopic features of a portal tract?

A

vein
bile duct
lymphocyte
artery

35
Q

what substance is associated with acute pancreatitis?

A

steroid use

36
Q

jaundice as a result of alcoholic hepatitis is caused by a accumulation of?

A

conjugated bilirubin

37
Q

what is portal hypertension most associated with?

A

splenomegaly

CLASP (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions