Alcohol Flashcards
Describe the potency of alcohol
Alcohol is not a potent drug
50-100mg/dL or 11-22 mM alcohol
sedation, subjective “high”, slower reaction times
100-200mg/dL 22-44 mM alcohol
impaired motor function, slurred speech, ataxia
200-300 mg/dL 44-66 mM alcohol
emesis, stupor unwanted falling asleep
300-400 66-88 mM alcohol
coma
over 400 mg/dL or over 88mM alcohol
respiratory depression, death
what is the primary route of administration for alochol
oral
describe the absorption
- rapid
- primarily from the proximal small intestine, but can be absorbed throughout the GI tract
- increased by gastric emptying
- enhanced by carbonated beverages
- decreased by the presence of food
- rate of absorption is influence by:
- ethanol concentration
- rate of ethanol consumption
what is alcohol metabolized to
90-98% of ethanol is metabolized to acetaldehyde
- 2 major enzymatic routes
- remainder is eliminated unchanged in the breath, sweat and saliva
Describe the metabolism of ethanol
- major first pass effect by both gastric and liver alcohol dehydrogenase
1. Alcohol dehydrogenase-lower stomach ADH in women
- Microsomal Ethanol-Oxidizing Systems (MEOS)
* primarily cytochrome P450 2E1, 1A2, and 3A4
* induction by chronic alcohol intake, increases clearance of other drugs
**catalase also is a minor metabolic pathway of alcohol that also yields acetaldehyde
What cofactor is used a . lot to metabolize alchol
NAD
it is used when ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde and when acetaldehyde is converted acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase
Describe something that can influence aldehyde dehydrogenase
-mitochondrial genetic polymorphism affect activity
Compare alcohol metabolism to methanol metabolism
Alcohol: Ethanol **ADH or MEOS** Acetaldehyde **Aldehyde Dehydrogenase** Acetate
Methanol: Methanol **Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)** Formaldehyde **aldehyde dehydrogenase** Formate **Folate dependent pathway
So both alcohol metabolism and methanol metabolism use alcohol dehydrogenase
Ethylene glycol metabolism
ethylene glycol **alcohol dehydrogenase** glycoaldehyde **aldehyde dehydrogenase** glycolate
So what are the enzymes that are as the first step for ethanol methanol and ethylene glycol metabolism. and what enzyme is used as the second step in metabolism for all of them
- alcohol dehydrogenase
2. aldehyde dehydrogenase