Alcohol

Question 1

how many units in a glass of wine

Answer 1

2

Question 2

binge drinking criteria for men

Answer 2

> 8 units per day

Question 3

by which enzyme is alcohol metabolised

where

Answer 3

alcohol dehydrogenase in the stomach

Question 4

treatment of methanol poisoning eg anti-freeze

mechanism

Answer 4

ethanol

both metabolised by alcohol dehydrogenase = competitive inhibition

Question 5

why do women have a lower tolerance to alcohol

Answer 5

lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase than men

Question 6

at what rate is alcohol removed from the body

Answer 6

1 unit per hour

Question 7

which cycle is inhibited (hence causes lactic acid production) during alcohol consumption

what does this cause

Answer 7

krebs cycle

sore muscles

Question 8

when do people get alcoholic ketoacidosis

Answer 8

when insulin low = lots of ketones

Question 9

what does alcohol do to GABA

what does this result in

Answer 9

activate it (agonist)

CNS depression

Question 10

what does alcohol do to glutamine

what does this result in

Answer 10

blocks it (antagonist)

CNS depression

Question 11

what is a Mallory Weiss tear

Answer 11

tear in oesophagus from repetitive vomiting, presents as hematemesis

Question 12

what is korsakoffs syndrome

what is it caused by

Answer 12

irreversible memory loss

thiamine deficiency (B1 deficiency)

Question 13

what is wernickes syndrome

what is it caused by

Answer 13

reversible memory loss

thiamine deficiency (B1 deficiency)

(remember bc W can be reversed/flipped and still look fine)

Question 14

complication in pancreas

Answer 14

pancreatitis

Question 15

what does alcohol do to ADH

Answer 15

inhibits it = dont reabsorb water = pee lots

Question 16

complication of alcohol in hands

Answer 16

dupuytrens contracture (other causes too)

Question 17

alcohol dependency definition

Answer 17

when someone relies on alcohol to function normally, has alcohol withdrawal symptoms (sweating, tremor, agitation, hallucinations etc)

Question 18

which vitamin are alcoholics deficient in (hence always give it)

Answer 18

thiamine (B1)

Question 19

bp of alcoholics

why

Answer 19

hypertension

increased glycerides

Question 20

which drug do you give to prevent relapse in alcohol dependency

Answer 20

diazepam 40mg QDS initially then 10mg QDS

Question 21

recommended units

Answer 21

14 units per week with several rest days

Question 22

presentation of wernickes syndrome (3)

Answer 22

ocular dysfunction
acute confusion
ataxia

Question 23

presentation of karsakoffs syndreom

Answer 23

memory loss (Amnesia) 
confabulation

Question 24

complication in the oesphagus after liver cirrhosis has occurred

Answer 24

oesophageal varices (bc of portal hypertension)

presents with haematemesis

Question 25

alcohol withdrawal

when do seizures occur

Answer 25

<36 hours after withdrawal

Question 26

alcohol withdrawal

when does delirium tremens occur

Answer 26

2-5 days after withdrawal

confusion, disorientation, agitation