Alcohol

Question 1

Where does alcohol get absorbed?

Answer 1

In the stomach and small intestine

Question 2

What route does alcohol follow for someone without food?

Answer 2

General circulation - bypass liver(detox) -immediate effects(sedative)- respiratory centers

Question 3

What route does alcohol follow for someone with food?

Answer 3

hepatic portal vein(liver) - liver detoxes - ATP
if in excess is converted to fats (lipogenesis)

Question 4

What is the positive of wine taken in moderation?

Answer 4

it increase HDL and decreases LDLs

Question 5

What are the negatives?

Answer 5

1. Increase risk of cancer (oral, throat, esophageal, colon, rectum, larynx, liver, breast)
2. Weight gain
3. Increased GI bleed
4. Hypoglycemia

Question 6

how much alcohol goes into babies liver?

Answer 6

0.04%

Question 7

What is FAS and symptoms?

Answer 7

• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
  Fetas exposed to alcohol during pregnancy.
  1. Lack of brain development
  2. irrevesible
  3. Malformation face, heart

Question 8

what is FAE?

Answer 8

• Fetal alcohol effects
  more common than FAS
  No physical abnormalities
  brain effects - impaired learning
• impulsivity
• attention deficit

Question 9

What is the name of the diseases caused by alcohol in the liver?

Answer 9

• cirrhoisis

Question 10

How does alcohol tolerance incerease?

Answer 10

• by increasing consumption, there is an increase in the metabolic enzymes. So to feel drunk more alcohol is needed. e.g opioids(painkillers)

Question 11

What does the body use for aerobic cellular resp?

Answer 11

• ATP
• Enzymes - from protein, temp and pH sensitive
• Coenzymes - Vitamins
• Cofactors - minerals

Question 12

What is ATP for?

Answer 12

1. muscle contraction
2. heat regulation internally
3. Protein synthesis - hair, enzymes, nails
4. active tranport - reverse osmosis

Question 13

What is a limiting factor for ATP production?

Answer 13

• Oxygen levels

Question 14

Why does ATP go down when there is less oxygen?

Answer 14

• red blood cells(iron) go down so less oxygen and thus less ATP production

Question 15

What happens when someone has asthma?

Answer 15

• their bronchioles constrict

Question 16

What else is ATP needed for?

Answer 16

• Mitosis

Question 17

What is the struc of vitamins?

Answer 17

C-C

Question 18

What are the water soluble vitamins?

Answer 18

• all the Bs
• C
• Pantothenic acid
• Biotin
• Vitamin c

Question 19

Vitamin B1 name, function, sources?

Answer 19

-Thiamin
-Coenzyme in ATP
- Bread, cereal, lots of foods because it is fortified

Question 20

What is the difference between fortified food and enriched food?

Answer 20

Fortified is when nutrients are added whilst enriched is when the lost nutrients in the process are added.

Question 21

Vitamin B2 name, function, sources?

Answer 21

• Riboflavin
• coenzyme in ATP
• Dairy and poultry

Question 22

Vitamin B3 name, function, sources, deficiency?

Answer 22

• Niacin
• coenzyme
• DNA replication
• bread, cereal, fish, meat, spinach
• Pellagra (skin damage, diarrhea)

Question 23

Vitamin B6 name, function, sources, deficiency?

Answer 23

• Pyridoxine
• synthesis for non essential amino acids
• meat, veggies
• Microcytic anemia (small rbc, less oxygen)

Question 24

** Vitamin B9 name, function, sources, deficiency?

Answer 24

• Folate/folic acid
• synthesis for DNA and red blood cells
• meat, cereal, veggies
• supplement should be taken during pregnancy
• Anencephaly, Spina bifida

Question 25

**Vitamin B12 name, function, sources, deficiency?

Answer 25

• Cobalamin
• red blood cell synthesis
• Only from animal derived foods.
• ## Pernicious Anemia - decreased red blood cells (loss of sensation, loss of impulse conduction)

Question 26

What are some causes of B12 deficiency?

Answer 26

• lack of consumption
• malabsorption
• lack of intrinsic factor (protein in stomach absorption of B12)

Question 27

Pantothenic acids source and function?

Answer 27

• everything that was once alive and not water
• coenzyme for ATP synthesis

Question 28

Biotin source and function?

Answer 28

• coenzyme ATP synthesis
• Synthesized by bacteria

Question 29

What is the name of Vitamin C, it’s functions?

Answer 29

1. ascorbic acid
2. citrus fruits/ red peppers
3. Antioxidant- donates electrons to unstable atoms preventing cell damage. Neutralizing free radicals.
4. Enhances absorption of iron

Question 30

What does collagen do?

Answer 30

• vitamin c helps produce collagen which supports tendons/ ligaments.