Alcohol Flashcards
Where does alcohol get absorbed?
In the stomach and small intestine
What route does alcohol follow for someone without food?
General circulation - bypass liver(detox) -immediate effects(sedative)- respiratory centers
What route does alcohol follow for someone with food?
hepatic portal vein(liver) - liver detoxes - ATP
if in excess is converted to fats (lipogenesis)
What is the positive of wine taken in moderation?
it increase HDL and decreases LDLs
What are the negatives?
- Increase risk of cancer (oral, throat, esophageal, colon, rectum, larynx, liver, breast)
- Weight gain
- Increased GI bleed
- Hypoglycemia
how much alcohol goes into babies liver?
0.04%
What is FAS and symptoms?
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Fetas exposed to alcohol during pregnancy.
1. Lack of brain development
2. irrevesible
3. Malformation face, heart
what is FAE?
- Fetal alcohol effects
more common than FAS
No physical abnormalities
brain effects - impaired learning - impulsivity
- attention deficit
What is the name of the diseases caused by alcohol in the liver?
- cirrhoisis
How does alcohol tolerance incerease?
- by increasing consumption, there is an increase in the metabolic enzymes. So to feel drunk more alcohol is needed. e.g opioids(painkillers)
What does the body use for aerobic cellular resp?
- ATP
- Enzymes - from protein, temp and pH sensitive
- Coenzymes - Vitamins
- Cofactors - minerals
What is ATP for?
- muscle contraction
- heat regulation internally
- Protein synthesis - hair, enzymes, nails
- active tranport - reverse osmosis
What is a limiting factor for ATP production?
- Oxygen levels
Why does ATP go down when there is less oxygen?
- red blood cells(iron) go down so less oxygen and thus less ATP production
What happens when someone has asthma?
- their bronchioles constrict
What else is ATP needed for?
- Mitosis
What is the struc of vitamins?
C-C
What are the water soluble vitamins?
- all the Bs
- C
- Pantothenic acid
- Biotin
- Vitamin c
Vitamin B1 name, function, sources?
-Thiamin
-Coenzyme in ATP
- Bread, cereal, lots of foods because it is fortified
What is the difference between fortified food and enriched food?
Fortified is when nutrients are added whilst enriched is when the lost nutrients in the process are added.
Vitamin B2 name, function, sources?
- Riboflavin
- coenzyme in ATP
- Dairy and poultry
Vitamin B3 name, function, sources, deficiency?
- Niacin
- coenzyme
- DNA replication
- bread, cereal, fish, meat, spinach
- Pellagra (skin damage, diarrhea)
Vitamin B6 name, function, sources, deficiency?
- Pyridoxine
- synthesis for non essential amino acids
- meat, veggies
- Microcytic anemia (small rbc, less oxygen)
** Vitamin B9 name, function, sources, deficiency?
- Folate/folic acid
- synthesis for DNA and red blood cells
- meat, cereal, veggies
- supplement should be taken during pregnancy
- Anencephaly, Spina bifida
