Alcohol Flashcards
Approximately __% of adults use alcohol worldwide.
40%
Areas with highest rates of alcohol consumption at 10L of pure alcohol per person per year
Eastern Europe and Former Soviet Union
Lowest areas of alcohol consumption at less than 2.5L per person per year
Southeast Asia and the Middle East
WHO had a goal of decreasing alcohol consumption by ____%
10%
Moderate Drinking
Male: upto two drinks per day
Female: upto one drink per day
Binge Drinking
4 drinks for women and 5 drinks in men in approximately 2 hours, resulting in blood alcohol concentration to 0.08g/dl or greater
Definition of Heavy Drinking
M: 15 drinks or more per week
F: 8 drinks or more per week
What is the enzyme that oxide ethanol to acetaldehyde?
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
What enzyme oxidizes Acetaldehyde to Acetic acid and Acetate?
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
The deleterious effects of alcohol drinking depend on __________.
AMOUNT consumed and DURATION of consumption
What is the amount of alcohol drinking to be considered an alcoholic?
More than 90g/ day of alcohol for 5 years or more
As may as ___% of chronic alcoholics have evidence of LV dysfunction by 2D Echo.
30%
What is the earliest echocardiographic abnormality in heavy alcoholic drinkers?
DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION
Histopathology of Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy
Lower MYOCYTE count
Factors associated with POOR prognosis
- Atrial Fibrillation
- ABSENCE of Beta Blockers Therapy
- QRS duration of > 120 msecs
Patients who completely stop drinking alcohol may normalize their ejection fraction in _______ year.
1 YEAR
Factors that were associated with the best recovery of ejection fraction:
- Narrow QRS
- Beta Blocker Therapy
- Lack of use or need for diuretic therapy
Most common ECG abnormality that needs more attention:
Atrial Fibrillation
The Framingham Study showed an increase in the incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in ___% of patients who consumed more than ___ standard drinks per day.
34%, 3 standard drinks
Amount considered to be a “drink”
12 ounces of Beer
5 ounces of wine
1.5 ounces of hard liquor
Effect of alcohol in blood pressure
Mild Alcohol drinking: no effect
Heavy drinking: vasodilation, initially then later result in an increase in BP
Effect of alcohol in blood pressure
BP falls 4 hours after drinking alcohol but significantly higher 24 hours later
Substance in wine that has an antioxidant effect that stimulates mitochondria biogenesis
Resveratrol
