Alcohol

Question 1

Approximately __% of adults use alcohol worldwide.

Answer 1

40%

Question 2

Areas with highest rates of alcohol consumption at 10L of pure alcohol per person per year

Answer 2

Eastern Europe and Former Soviet Union

Question 3

Lowest areas of alcohol consumption at less than 2.5L per person per year

Answer 3

Southeast Asia and the Middle East

Question 4

WHO had a goal of decreasing alcohol consumption by ____%

Answer 4

10%

Question 5

Moderate Drinking

Answer 5

Male: upto two drinks per day
Female: upto one drink per day

Question 6

Binge Drinking

Answer 6

4 drinks for women and 5 drinks in men in approximately 2 hours, resulting in blood alcohol concentration to 0.08g/dl or greater

Question 7

Definition of Heavy Drinking

Answer 7

M: 15 drinks or more per week
F: 8 drinks or more per week

Question 8

What is the enzyme that oxide ethanol to acetaldehyde?

Answer 8

Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Question 9

What enzyme oxidizes Acetaldehyde to Acetic acid and Acetate?

Answer 9

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase

Question 10

The deleterious effects of alcohol drinking depend on __________.

Answer 10

AMOUNT consumed and DURATION of consumption

Question 11

What is the amount of alcohol drinking to be considered an alcoholic?

Answer 11

More than 90g/ day of alcohol for 5 years or more

Question 12

As may as ___% of chronic alcoholics have evidence of LV dysfunction by 2D Echo.

Answer 12

30%

Question 13

What is the earliest echocardiographic abnormality in heavy alcoholic drinkers?

Answer 13

DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION

Question 14

Histopathology of Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy

Answer 14

Lower MYOCYTE count

Question 15

Factors associated with POOR prognosis

Answer 15

1. Atrial Fibrillation
2. ABSENCE of Beta Blockers Therapy
3. QRS duration of > 120 msecs

Question 16

Patients who completely stop drinking alcohol may normalize their ejection fraction in _______ year.

Answer 16

1 YEAR

Question 17

Factors that were associated with the best recovery of ejection fraction:

Answer 17

1. Narrow QRS
2. Beta Blocker Therapy
3. Lack of use or need for diuretic therapy

Question 18

Most common ECG abnormality that needs more attention:

Answer 18

Atrial Fibrillation

Question 19

The Framingham Study showed an increase in the incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in ___% of patients who consumed more than ___ standard drinks per day.

Answer 19

34%, 3 standard drinks

Question 20

Amount considered to be a “drink”

Answer 20

12 ounces of Beer
5 ounces of wine
1.5 ounces of hard liquor

Question 21

Effect of alcohol in blood pressure

Answer 21

Mild Alcohol drinking: no effect
Heavy drinking: vasodilation, initially then later result in an increase in BP

Question 22

Effect of alcohol in blood pressure

Answer 22

BP falls 4 hours after drinking alcohol but significantly higher 24 hours later

Question 23

Substance in wine that has an antioxidant effect that stimulates mitochondria biogenesis

Answer 23

Resveratrol