Alchemy v. Chemistry, Ions, etc. Flashcards
When was Belatekallin alive?
1200 B.C.
What Job did Belatekallin have
Perfume Maker
What separation technique did Belatekallin use?
Distillation (Separation using different boiling points).
When were the Ancient Greeks Alive?
450 B.C.
What did the Ancient Greeks beleive in?
4 Elements: Earth, Air, Fire, Water.
When was Jabir Ibn Hayyan alive?
721-815
How did Jabir Help Science?
He made it less of a magical thing and more of a scientific thing
What did Jabir create?
Glassware.
When was Paracelsus born?
1493
What did Paracelsus think Man consisted of?
Salt (body), Sulfur (Soul), Mercury ( spirit).
What did Paracelsus think he could do with Salt, Sulfur, and Mercury?
Make an immortality potion.
What did Paracelsus desire?
The elixir of life to make him immortal.
When did Alchemy arrive in western Europe?
500 A.D.
Contributions of Alchemy (Early Chemistry).
1.The elements mercury, sulfur, and antimony were discovered.
2. Element properties were discovered.
3. Creation of Alloys
4. Lab procedures were developed, such as acid prep.
5. Seperation techniques such as distilation.
How did Alchemists try to hide their discoveries?
They would use symbols or pictures.
Things unique to alchemy.
- Try to find the elixir of life.
- Used alchemy for monetary gains.
- Seen as Magic.
Things unique to Chemistry.
- Try to discover new things for science.
- Used for medicinal purposes.
- Uses scientific principles and methods.
When was Democritus alive?
460-370 B.C.
What did Democritus Beleive in?
- There are various basic building blocks from which all matter is made.
- Everything is composed of small atoms moving with nothing but empty space between them.
Were Democritus’ ideas accepted?
No, they were rejected by leading philosophers.
What time frame was Democritus close to?
The Ancient Greeks.
What did Democritus create?
The first concept of an atom.
Candy Model of Democritus’ atom.
m&m
When was Dalton Alive?
1766-1844
What were Dalton’s ideas?
- Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms.
- All the atoms of a given element are identical, but differ from those of dry other elements.
- Atoms may move from one substance to another, but atoms can’t be created destroyed, or transformed.
When did Dalton introduce his ideas?
1803
What is Central Alchemy?
- Atoms can’t be subdivided.
- A given compoud always has the same relative number of kinds of atoms.
food model of Dalton’s atom.
Different shaped fruit snacks.
When was Thomson Alive.
1856-1940
What did Thomson use to discover his findings?
A Cathole Ray Tube.
What did Thomson find when he used the Cathole Ray Tube? When did you discover this?
Proof there are subatomic particles. Evidence that electrons are negatively charged. 1897
What did Thomson discover about atoms? When did he discover this?
He discovered Isotopes. 1913.
Who’s ideas did he end.
2 of Dalton’s.
Candy model to Thomson’s idea?
Banana Pudding.
When was Rutherford Alive?
1871-1937
What experiement did Rutherford make, and when was it carried out?
The Gold Hill experiement, 1909.
What did Rutherford discover during the Gold Hill experiment?
The Nucleus, and that it is small, dense, and positive. Evidence on how atoms are mostly empty space.
Rutherford candy model.
Tottsie roll–imperfect.
What distinguishes a nuetral atom from an ion?
The number of electrons.
Where is the ion charge located in the isotope symbol?
The top right.
What subatomic particle has a positive charge?
Proton.
What subatomic particle has a negative charge?
electron.
What subatomic particle has a nuetral charge?
Nuetrons.
The whole number in each box of the periodic table is the atomic number of the element. What does the atomic number represent?
The number of protons.
Where is the atomic number located in the isotope symbol?
The number at the bottom of the element.
How is the mass number determined?
It is determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons.
Why is the mass number called the “mass” number?
The portons and neutrons have the majority of the mass.
What corner of the isotope symbol contains the mass number?
The top left corner.
How is the mass number of an isotope expressed in the name of an atom?
It is said at the end. Hydrogen-1.
Can the number of protons change in an element?
No (that would change the element into a whole new element).
What are isotopes?
Elements that have the same number of protons, and the same location on the periodic table, it just has a different number of neutrons.
In a neutral atom, how does the number of electrons compare to the number of protons?
The number of protons and electrons are the same.
What are Cations?
Positively charged ions.
What are anions?
Negatively charged ions.
In what region of the periodic table are “multiple ion” elements located?
Transition elements and group 14.
What element comes first in the name and formula of the compounds–the metals or the nonmetals?
The Metals.
Describe how the names of the nonmetal elements are changed when they are in their anion form?
The anion’s name is changed by adding an “ide” at the end.
What do you add to the name of an atom that can form more than one ion?
Roman numerals –PbO–Lead(II) oxide.
What do the Roman Numerals in the compounds indicate?
The charge on the cation.
What is carbon dating?
the determination of the age or date of organic matter from the relative proportions of the carbon isotopes carbon-12 and carbon-14 that it contains. The ratio between them changes as radioactive carbon-14 decays and is not replaced by exchange with the atmosphere.
What materials can be carbon dated?
Any object that use to be alive.
What group are the alkali metals in?
- Minus Hydrogen.
What group are the Alkaline Earth Metals in?
Group 2.
What groups are transistion metals in?
3-12.14
Are the Lanthanide on the top or bottom of the periodic table sub group (Lower two groups).
The top.
Are the Actinide on the top or bottom of the periodic table sub group (lower two groups).
The lower.
Ammonium
NH4^1+
Acetate
CH3 COO^1-
Hydroxide
OH^1-
Nitrate
NO3^1-
Hydrogen Carbonate
HCO3^1-
Chlorate
ClO3^1-
Sulfate
SO4^2-
Carbonate
CO3^2-
Dichromate
Cr2O7^2-
Phosphate
Po4^3-
Who created the Periodic Table?
Dmitri Mendeleev
What are covalent bonds?
Created through shared electrons between two atoms, typically two non-metals.
What are ionic bonds?
Strong electrical force between oppositely charged ions.
What are ions?
Charged particles, gain or loss of electrons.
What are Monatomic Ions?
Ion with a single atom.
What are polyatomic ions?
Ions with more than one atom.
Which ions form more than one ion?
Any elements in the transistion metals and family 14.
Do you need roman numerals on ions that form only one ion?
No.
Characterisics of ionic compouds.
- high melting and boiling points
- good electrical conductivity when molten or in an aqueous solution
- solids at room temperature
usually form crystals
Which elements are named first when naming a molecular compound.
The one fartherst to the left in the periodic table.
Which element do you name first if the elements in the compound are in the same group when naming molecular compounds?
You use the lower one in group.
What suffix is added to the second compound when naming molecular compounds?
“ide”.
1
mono
2
di
3
tri
4
tetra
5
penta
6
hexa
7
hepta
8
octa
9
nona
10
deca
Characterisitics of molecular compounds
lower melting and boiling points
are not good electrical conductors
Law of multiple proportions.
If 2 or more diff. cmpds. are composed of the same 2 elements, the masses of 2nd element combined w/ a certain mass of the 1st element can be expressed as ratios of sm. whole numbers.
How to calculate weighted mass.
Multiply each mass by its percent abundance (written in decimal form) and add them up.
What is the name of group 17 on the Periodic Table?
Halogens
What is the name of group 18 on the Periodic Table?
Noble Gasses.
What is the name of Group 13 on the Periodic Table.
Boron Family.
What is the name of Group 14 on the Periodic Table?
Carbon Family.
What is the name of Group 15 on the Periodic Table?
Nitrogen Family.
What is the name of Group 16 on the Periodic Table.
Oxygen Family.
Characterisitcs of Metals?
shiny, good electrical conductors
Characteristics of Nonmetals?
dull, bad electrical conductors
Characteristics of Metalloids?
can be shiny or dull, weak electrical conductors
Charge on the Alkali Metals (Group 1).
+1
Charge on Alkali Earth Metals (Group 2).
+2
What charge does group 13 have?
+3
What charge does group 15 have?
-3
What charge group 16 have?
-2
What charge does group 17 have?
-1
