Al, Mo, Hg, Pb, Z Flashcards
Properties: Silver-white metal, lightweight, strong, and ductile.
Abundance: Most abundant metallic element, constituting 8% of the Earth’s crust.
Source: Mainly from bauxite ore, with major producers in Australia, Brazil, Papua New Guinea, and Jamaica.
Aluminum (Al)
Properties: Found as a secondary metal in porphyry copper deposits, skarn deposits, and quartz veins.
Distribution: Notable in Larap, Polillo Island, and Southern Negros in the Philippines.
Usage: Crucial for steel alloying, chemical industries, and as a catalyst in the oil refining process.
Molybdenum (Mo)
Properties: Heavy, dense, liquid at room temperature, and extremely toxic in vapor form.
Source: Derived from cinnabar ore, with significant use in the past for gold extraction.
Usage: Used in the manufacture of chlorine and caustic soda, electronics, and measuring instruments like thermometers and barometers.
Mercury (Hg)
Properties: Heavy metal, used historically in a variety of applications.
Source: Often by-products of gold and copper mining, extracted from galena ore.
Usage: Used in batteries, sheathing for cables, and protective shielding for radioactive material. Notably declining in use due to toxicity and environmental concerns.
Lead (Pb)
Can be drawn into wires or pressed into sheets, known for its corrosion resistance and good conductivity.
Aluminum
Highly reactive, forms powdery oxides and hydroxides when exposed to water and air.
Aluminum
Primarily consists of gibbsite (Al(OH)₃), diaspore (AlO(OH)), and boehmite (AlO(OH)).
Bauxite
Results from the leaching of silica in aluminum-bearing rocks, especially those with high feldspar content.
Bauxite
Leading producer of Aluminum
Australia (40% world’s bauxite reserves)
Approximately 85% of bauxite mined globally is used to produce ______ for refining into aluminum metal. The rest is used in the manufacture of chemical, abrasive, and refractory products.
alumina
The first known occurrence of bauxite in the Philippines was recorded
1958 in the Lutawon Basin, Nonoc Island
Prompted by global demand, the Bureau of Mines expanded exploration activities to _____, discovering ferruginous bauxite.
Bucas Grande Island
In 1965, a notable deposit of bauxite containing _____ and ________ was confirmed in Samar Island.
gibbsite and boehmite
Aluminum key locations and reserves
Mainland Samar
Batag Island
Bucas Grande
Crucial for its strength, resistance to corrosion, and ability to withstand extreme temperatures. Widely used in steel alloys, chemical production, and as a catalyst.
Molybdenum
Predominantly found in porphyry copper and copper skarn deposits. Also noted in quartz veins, pegmatites, and sedimentary deposits.
Molybdenum
Molybdenum is notable in regions like
Larap, Polillo Island, and Southern Negros
Mo deposit types
Cu-Mo Skarn Deposits (Bessemer deposit in Larap, Camarines Norte)
Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposits (Atlas Toledo mine in Cebu and Sipalay mine)
The last reported production of molybdenum concentrates as a by-product of copper was in ___.
1983
Also known as quicksilver, is a heavy, dense metal with a unique characteristic of being liquid at room temperature.
Mercury
SG of Mercury
13.6
Industrial applications include the production of ____and ______ accounting for 35% of global mercury use.
chlorine and caustic soda
Scientific measuring instruments like thermometers and barometers use mercury due to its high _____ and ________
density and thermal conductivity
Mercury was first discovered in the Philippines at _______________________ by _________ in 1938
Bo. Tagburos, Puerto Princesa, Palawan; George H. Newman
Predominantly used in storage batteries, sheathing for electric cables, and as a radiation shield. Also used in alloys, pipes, tanks, and in the form of compounds in paints and pigments.
Lead
Primarily used as a galvanizing agent to prevent rusting in iron and steel. Also important in making brass, die-cast products, and as a pigment in paints and rubber.
Zinc
Characterized by accumulations of lead, zinc, and copper, often in association with submarine volcanic and sedimentary processes (Barlo and Amnay deposits)
Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide (VMS)
Lead and zinc are found within veins, often in association with gold and other metals, formed through hydrothermal processes (Paracale, Camarines Norte, and Masara district)
Sulfide Vein Deposits
Formed by metasomatic processes near intrusive bodies, containing high-grade lead and zinc mineral (Canatuan project)
Skarn Deposits
Known for high-grade zinc and copper along with significant gold and silver.
Hixbar Mine (Rapu-rapu, Albay)
Notable years of lead production include _________ where lead production reached 2,300 MT and 5,493 MT respectively, reflecting periods of high industrial demand or enhanced mining operations.
1952 and 1980
Peak production years for zinc include _______, with quantities like 7,772 MT and 10,453 MT respectively
1970 and 1980
