Al, Mo, Hg, Pb, Z

Question 1

Properties: Silver-white metal, lightweight, strong, and ductile.
Abundance: Most abundant metallic element, constituting 8% of the Earth’s crust.
Source: Mainly from bauxite ore, with major producers in Australia, Brazil, Papua New Guinea, and Jamaica.

Answer 1

Aluminum (Al)

Question 2

Properties: Found as a secondary metal in porphyry copper deposits, skarn deposits, and quartz veins.
Distribution: Notable in Larap, Polillo Island, and Southern Negros in the Philippines.
Usage: Crucial for steel alloying, chemical industries, and as a catalyst in the oil refining process.

Answer 2

Molybdenum (Mo)

Question 3

Properties: Heavy, dense, liquid at room temperature, and extremely toxic in vapor form.
Source: Derived from cinnabar ore, with significant use in the past for gold extraction.
Usage: Used in the manufacture of chlorine and caustic soda, electronics, and measuring instruments like thermometers and barometers.

Answer 3

Mercury (Hg)

Question 4

Properties: Heavy metal, used historically in a variety of applications.
Source: Often by-products of gold and copper mining, extracted from galena ore.
Usage: Used in batteries, sheathing for cables, and protective shielding for radioactive material. Notably declining in use due to toxicity and environmental concerns.

Answer 4

Lead (Pb)

Question 5

Can be drawn into wires or pressed into sheets, known for its corrosion resistance and good conductivity.

Answer 5

Aluminum

Question 6

Highly reactive, forms powdery oxides and hydroxides when exposed to water and air.

Answer 6

Aluminum

Question 7

Primarily consists of gibbsite (Al(OH)₃), diaspore (AlO(OH)), and boehmite (AlO(OH)).

Answer 7

Bauxite

Question 8

Results from the leaching of silica in aluminum-bearing rocks, especially those with high feldspar content.

Answer 8

Bauxite

Question 9

Leading producer of Aluminum

Answer 9

Australia (40% world’s bauxite reserves)

Question 10

Approximately 85% of bauxite mined globally is used to produce ______ for refining into aluminum metal. The rest is used in the manufacture of chemical, abrasive, and refractory products.

Answer 10

alumina

Question 11

The first known occurrence of bauxite in the Philippines was recorded

Answer 11

1958 in the Lutawon Basin, Nonoc Island

Question 12

Prompted by global demand, the Bureau of Mines expanded exploration activities to _____, discovering ferruginous bauxite.

Answer 12

Bucas Grande Island

Question 13

In 1965, a notable deposit of bauxite containing _____ and ________ was confirmed in Samar Island.

Answer 13

gibbsite and boehmite

Question 14

Aluminum key locations and reserves

Answer 14

Mainland Samar
Batag Island
Bucas Grande

Question 15

Crucial for its strength, resistance to corrosion, and ability to withstand extreme temperatures. Widely used in steel alloys, chemical production, and as a catalyst.

Answer 15

Molybdenum

Question 16

Predominantly found in porphyry copper and copper skarn deposits. Also noted in quartz veins, pegmatites, and sedimentary deposits.

Answer 16

Molybdenum

Question 17

Molybdenum is notable in regions like

Answer 17

Larap, Polillo Island, and Southern Negros

Question 18

Mo deposit types

Answer 18

Cu-Mo Skarn Deposits (Bessemer deposit in Larap, Camarines Norte)
Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposits (Atlas Toledo mine in Cebu and Sipalay mine)

Question 19

The last reported production of molybdenum concentrates as a by-product of copper was in ___.

Answer 19

1983

Question 20

Also known as quicksilver, is a heavy, dense metal with a unique characteristic of being liquid at room temperature.

Answer 20

Mercury

Question 21

SG of Mercury

Answer 21

13.6

Question 22

Industrial applications include the production of ____and ______ accounting for 35% of global mercury use.

Answer 22

chlorine and caustic soda

Question 23

Scientific measuring instruments like thermometers and barometers use mercury due to its high _____ and ________

Answer 23

density and thermal conductivity

Question 24

Mercury was first discovered in the Philippines at _______________________ by _________ in 1938

Answer 24

Bo. Tagburos, Puerto Princesa, Palawan; George H. Newman

Question 25

Predominantly used in storage batteries, sheathing for electric cables, and as a radiation shield. Also used in alloys, pipes, tanks, and in the form of compounds in paints and pigments.

Answer 25

Lead

Question 26

Primarily used as a galvanizing agent to prevent rusting in iron and steel. Also important in making brass, die-cast products, and as a pigment in paints and rubber.

Answer 26

Zinc

Question 27

Characterized by accumulations of lead, zinc, and copper, often in association with submarine volcanic and sedimentary processes (Barlo and Amnay deposits)

Answer 27

Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide (VMS)

Question 28

Lead and zinc are found within veins, often in association with gold and other metals, formed through hydrothermal processes (Paracale, Camarines Norte, and Masara district)

Answer 28

Sulfide Vein Deposits

Question 29

Formed by metasomatic processes near intrusive bodies, containing high-grade lead and zinc mineral (Canatuan project)

Answer 29

Skarn Deposits

Question 30

Known for high-grade zinc and copper along with significant gold and silver.

Answer 30

Hixbar Mine (Rapu-rapu, Albay)

Question 31

Notable years of lead production include _________ where lead production reached 2,300 MT and 5,493 MT respectively, reflecting periods of high industrial demand or enhanced mining operations.

Answer 31

1952 and 1980

Question 32

Peak production years for zinc include _______, with quantities like 7,772 MT and 10,453 MT respectively

Answer 32

1970 and 1980