Al final Flashcards
Theme
■ A main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work that may be stated directly or indirectly.
Symbol
■ The use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense.
American Dream
■ Endless potential and possibility in America for an industrious individual.
● To better the world
● To make a new beginning
Neoclassical
■■ Written between 1660 and 1798. This time period is broken down into three parts: the Restoration period, the Augustan period, and the Age of Johnson. Neoclassical literature is characterized by order, accuracy, and structure. This was a time of comfortableness in England..
Enlightenment
■ A philosophical movement of the 18th century, characterized by belief in the power of human reason and by innovations in political, religious, and educational doctrine.
Transcendentalism
■ Transcendentalism influences dark romanticism
■ T. posited that within each individual is a persona, innate, and intuitive divinity that is realized
● Nature- nature is part of divinity, and our closeness to nature helps us to realize our potential for divinity; nature helps us, saves us.
● Social reform- we can bring about social reform. We can better society and human experience
● Intuition and conscience- rationality and sensory experience can impede an individual’s movement toward transcendental truths. Individuals must rely on intuition and conscience, must look inward for instruction, direction, wisdom. (Lockean empiricism is bad, bad.)
● Divinity of the individual- each person is inherently perfectible and divine; the essence of God is in each individual
■ Rejection of ritualistic, traditional, religion (Calvinist doctrine is bad, bad.)
■ The virtues of self trust, self reliance, and manual labor
Ratiocination
■ Detective fiction “that moral activity which disentangles”
Gothicism
■ In gothic fiction, an individual becomes isolated and experiences dread or terror because of an encounter with the inexplicable. This formula challenges Enlightenment-era faith in human reason.
■ That which the mind cannot rationally explain causes madness, despair, anxiety, and terror.
■ That for which reason cannot account leads to devastation. Gothic fiction illustrates this.
■ Oftentimes, gothic tales explore what is real and what isn’t, and the madness that ensues from trying to distinguish between the two.
■ Sublime: an aesthetic value- the presence or suggestion of transcendent vastness or greatness; within something sublime, there exists a fine line between awe-inspiring beauty and unspeakable, deeply-felt terror.
Romanticism
■ Dated from election of Andrew Jackson (1828) to civil war
■ Romanticism begins in Europe several decades before it catches on in America.
■ A reaction to neoclassicism and faith
■ In other words, the truth of a work of romanticism lies not in how it depicts a physical, material situation but how it depicts in characters thoughts and emotions
■ In addition to romanticism, transcendentalism influence Dark Romanticism
■ Posited that within each individual is personal, innate and intuitive divinity that is realized beyond or above everyday human experience
Dark romanticism
■ Individuals are drawn to and are fascinated by evil, sin, secret sin, and that which will harm or destroy them
■ Connected spiritually to nature, but nature is unknowable, untamable, dark, destructive, non nurturing, and terrifying
■ Individuals tend to be alienated, isolated, alone, and incapable of becoming part of a community
■ Dark romanticism is not cynical about life or mankind, though. There is a reverence for human struggle, for the individual’s efforts to understand and overcome sin, evil, and the forces of nature
St. Herbert
■ St. George Herbert ■ Louisa (elder and younger) ■ Julius Cuthbert ■ Albudor ■ Caroline ■ Maurisson ■ Julia ■ Dugazon ■ St. Herbert’s parents ■ Ludono (Indian Friend)
the House of theSeven Gables
- Hepzibah Pyncheon
- Clifford Pyncheon
- Judge Jaffrey Pyncheon
- Holgrave
- Phoebe Pyncheon
- Colonel Pyncheon
- Matthew Maule
- Alice Pyncheon
- Gervayse Pyncheon
- Uncle Venner
- Old Jaffrey Pyncheon
- Thomas Maule
- Two workmen
- The organ-grinder
- Judge Pyncheon’s son
- An old gentleman
Bartleby
- The Lawyer
- Bartleby
- Turkey
- Nippers
- Ginger Nut
Benito Cereno
- Amasa Delano
- Benito Cereno
- Babo
- Atufal
- Alexandro Aranda
the Masque of the Red Death
- Prince Prospero
2. Mysterious guest
