AL 134 Final Review Flashcards
1
Q
What is the relationship between kVp and LOE?
A
Direct
not proportional!
2
Q
What is the relationship between mAs and LOE?
A
Directly Proportional
3
Q
What is the relationship between SID and Density (LOE)?
A
Inverse
4
Q
What is the relationship between Filtration and LOE?
A
Inverse
5
Q
What is the relationship between Collimation and LOE?
A
Inverse
reduces scatter and secondary photons
6
Q
What is the relationship between Pt (thickness) and LOE?
A
Inverse
7
Q
What is the relationship between Grid Factor and LOE?
A
Inverse
8
Q
What is the relationship between OID and Resolution?
A
Inverse
9
Q
What is the relationship between Motion and Resolution?
A
Inverse
10
Q
What is the relationship between SID and Resolution?
A
Direct
11
Q
If you use a small focal spot, what does that do to resolution?
A
Increases resolution
12
Q
What is the CPR sequence?
A
Circulation, airway, breathing
it is different from the textbook
13
Q
What level is the Mastoid Tip?
A
C1
14
Q
What landmark is level with C1?
A
Mastoid Tip
15
Q
What level is the Gonion?
A
C2, C3 (angle of mandible)
16
Q
What landmark is level with C2, C3?
A
Gonion (angle of mandible)
17
Q
What level is the Hyoid Bone?
A
C3, C4
18
Q
What landmark is level with C3, C4?
A
Hyoid Bone
19
Q
What level is the Thyroid Cartilage?
A
C5
20
Q
What landmark is level with C5?
A
Thyroid Cartilage
21
Q
What level is the Vertebra Prominens?
A
C7 T1
22
Q
What landmark is level with C7, T1?
A
Vertebra Prominens
23
Q
What is approximately 2 inches above level of the jugular notch?
A
T1
24
Q
What level is the Jugular Notch at?
A
T2, T3
25
What landmark is level with T2, T3?
Jugular Notch
26
What level is the Sternal Angle?
T4, T5
27
What landmark is level with T4, T5?
Sternal Angle
28
What level is the Inferior Angle of the Scapula
T7
29
What landmark is level with T7
Inferior Angle of the Scapula
30
What level is the Xiphoid Process at?
T9, T10
31
What landmark is level with T9, T10?
Xiphoid Process
32
What level is the Inferior Costal Margin?
L2, L3
33
What landmark is level with L2, L3?
Inferior Costal Margin
34
What level is the Superior-most Aspect of Iliac Crest?
L4, L5
35
What landmark is level with L4, L5?
Superior-most Aspect of Iliac Crest
36
What level is the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)?
S1, S2
37
What landmark is level with S1, S2?
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)
38
What level is the Pubic Symphysis and Greater Trochanters?
Coccyx
39
What landmark is level with the Coccyx?
Pubic Symphysis and Greater Trochanters
40
For a sthenic body habitus, where are the organs normally at?
Heart: moderately transverse
Lungs: moderate length
Diaphragm: moderately high
Stomach: high, upper left
Colon: spread evenly; slight dip in transverse colon
Gallbladder: centered on right side, upper abdomen
41
What is the characteristics of a hyposthenic body habitus? What is the percentage?
Organs and characteristics for this habitus are intermediate between sthenic and asthenic body habitus types; this habitus is the most difficult to classify
35%
42
What is the characteristics of a sthenic body habitus? What is the percentage?
```
Build: moderately heavy
Abdomen: moderately long
Thorax: moderately short, broad, and deep
Pelvis: Relatively small
50%
```
43
For a hyposthenic body habitus, where are the organs normally at?
Organs and characteristics for this habitus are intermediate between sthenic and asthenic body habitus types; this habitus is the most difficult to classify
44
What is the characteristics of a hypersthenic body habitus? What is the percentage?
```
Build: massive
Abdomen: long
Thorax: short, broad, and deep
Pelvis: narrow
5%
```
45
For a hypersthenic body habitus, where are the organs normally at?
Heart: axis nearly transverse
Lungs: short apices at or near clavicles
Diaphragm: High
Stomach: high, transverse, and in the middle
Colon: around periphery of abdomen
Gallbladder: high, outside, lies more parallel
46
What is the characteristics of a asthenic body habitus? What is the percentage?
Build: Frail
Abdomen: Short
Thorax: Long, shallow
Pelvis: Wide
47
For a asthenic body habitus, where are the organs normally at?
Heart: nearly vertical and at midline
Lungs: long, apices above clavicles, may be broader above base
Diaphragm: low
Stomach: low and medial, in the pelvis when standing
Colon: low, folds on itself
Gallbladder: low and nearer the midline
48
What is Bradycardia?
Slowness of the heartbeat as evidenced by slowing of the pulse rate to less than 60 beats per minute (BPM)
49
What is Bradypnea?
Abnormal slowness of breathing
50
What does Diastolic mean?
Pertaining to dilation, or a period of relaxation of the heart, especially of the ventricles
51
What does Dyspnea mean?
Difficult or labored breathing
52
What is Homeostasis?
Constancy in the internal environment of the body, naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival
53
What is Hypertension?
Persistently high arterial blood pressure
54
What is Hyperthermia?
Abnormally high body temperature, especially that induced for therapeutic purposes
55
What is Hypotension?
Abnormally low blood pressure seen in shock but not necessarily indicative of shock
56
What is Hyperthermia?
Low body temperature
57
What is Hypoxemia?
Decreased oxygen tension (concentration) in the blood
58
What is Hypoxia?
Reduction of oxygen supply to the tissue
59
What does Systolic mean?
Pertaining to tightening, or a period of contraction of the heart (myocardium), especially that of the ventricles
60
What is Tachycardia?
Rapidity of the heart action, usually defined as a heart rate greater than 100 BPM
61
What is Tachypnea?
Abnormal rapidity of breathing
62
What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Is a fast and easy way to assess a patient's emotional state. Starting at the base of
the triangle and progressing up to a point is the goal. Self-Actualization - is defined as someone characterized
by confidence or showmen that knows what their goals in life are. An individual must meet all the needs of one
level before progressing to the next.
63
What are the 7 levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
```
(1st level) Physiologic; food, shelter, clothing, sexual gratification.
(2nd level) Safety
(3rd level) Belongingness and love
(4th level) Esteem
(5th level) Need to know and understand
(6th level) Aesthetics
(7th level) Self-actualization
```
64
The radiologic technologist commonly uses 3 types of touch, what are they?
(1) touching for emotional support
(2) touching for emphasis (to highlight or specify instructions or locations)
(3) touching for palpation
65
Vital signs are a quick way and simple way to measure a pt's.....
Physiologic condition objectively
66
What is a normal temperature range?
97.7 (F) to 99.5 (F)
67
What is a normal respiration rate for an adult?
12 to 20 breaths per minute
68
What is a normal/average respiration rate for a child?
20 to 30 breaths per minute
69
What is a normal pulse rate for an adult?
60 to 100 BPM
70
What is a normal pulse rate for a child?
70 to 120 BPM
71
What is the blood pressure rate for systolic?
<120 mm Hg
72
What is the blood pressure rate for diastolic?
<80 mm Hg
73
How many ribs should you see in a PA projection of the chest?
10
| even though there are 12 you need to at least see 10 ribs
74
CXR image is too dark, how would you correct (fix) it?
Decrease master density
75
What factors produce the best quality photons?
100 mA, 0.1 sec, 100 kVp
76
What factors produce the best quantity photons?
600 mA, 0.1 sec, 60 kVp
77
X-ray photon energy is inversely proportional to.....
Photon Wavelength
78
What does Chronology mean?
Time element of the history, usually including the onset, duration, frequency, and course of the symptoms
79
What is Clinical History?
Information available regarding a patient's condition; traditionally comprises data on localization, quality, quantity, chronology setting, aggravating or alleviating factors and associated manifestations
80
What are Leading Questions?
Undesirable method of questioning; provides information that may direct answers toward a suggested symptom or complaint
81
Why is it important for the technologist to
| take patient history?
They obtain the information to give to the radiologist/physician so they know more in depth what is going on with the patient. Knowing patient history also helps us interact with them and their situation and could even help reduce any nervousness they might have (art of healing) and could possibly make them feel better being able to "vent" and talk about it. Also shows that we care and want to know what is going on
82
Why is it important for the technologist to use
correct identification when taking and
developing radiographs?
It is important because if you have the wrong patient, you would be giving them not only unnecessary exposure but you would have to give them even more for the correct ones you should be taking.
