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AL 134 - Clinical > AL 134 Final Review > Flashcards

AL 134 Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the relationship between kVp and LOE?

A

Direct

not proportional!

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2
Q

What is the relationship between mAs and LOE?

A

Directly Proportional

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3
Q

What is the relationship between SID and Density (LOE)?

A

Inverse

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4
Q

What is the relationship between Filtration and LOE?

A

Inverse

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5
Q

What is the relationship between Collimation and LOE?

A

Inverse

reduces scatter and secondary photons

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6
Q

What is the relationship between Pt (thickness) and LOE?

A

Inverse

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7
Q

What is the relationship between Grid Factor and LOE?

A

Inverse

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8
Q

What is the relationship between OID and Resolution?

A

Inverse

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9
Q

What is the relationship between Motion and Resolution?

A

Inverse

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10
Q

What is the relationship between SID and Resolution?

A

Direct

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11
Q

If you use a small focal spot, what does that do to resolution?

A

Increases resolution

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12
Q

What is the CPR sequence?

A

Circulation, airway, breathing

it is different from the textbook

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13
Q

What level is the Mastoid Tip?

A

C1

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14
Q

What landmark is level with C1?

A

Mastoid Tip

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15
Q

What level is the Gonion?

A

C2, C3 (angle of mandible)

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16
Q

What landmark is level with C2, C3?

A

Gonion (angle of mandible)

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17
Q

What level is the Hyoid Bone?

A

C3, C4

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18
Q

What landmark is level with C3, C4?

A

Hyoid Bone

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19
Q

What level is the Thyroid Cartilage?

A

C5

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20
Q

What landmark is level with C5?

A

Thyroid Cartilage

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21
Q

What level is the Vertebra Prominens?

A

C7 T1

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22
Q

What landmark is level with C7, T1?

A

Vertebra Prominens

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23
Q

What is approximately 2 inches above level of the jugular notch?

A

T1

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24
Q

What level is the Jugular Notch at?

A

T2, T3

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25
Q

What landmark is level with T2, T3?

A

Jugular Notch

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26
Q

What level is the Sternal Angle?

A

T4, T5

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27
Q

What landmark is level with T4, T5?

A

Sternal Angle

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28
Q

What level is the Inferior Angle of the Scapula

A

T7

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29
Q

What landmark is level with T7

A

Inferior Angle of the Scapula

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30
Q

What level is the Xiphoid Process at?

A

T9, T10

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31
Q

What landmark is level with T9, T10?

A

Xiphoid Process

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32
Q

What level is the Inferior Costal Margin?

A

L2, L3

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33
Q

What landmark is level with L2, L3?

A

Inferior Costal Margin

34
Q

What level is the Superior-most Aspect of Iliac Crest?

35
Q

What landmark is level with L4, L5?

A

Superior-most Aspect of Iliac Crest

36
Q

What level is the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)?

37
Q

What landmark is level with S1, S2?

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

38
Q

What level is the Pubic Symphysis and Greater Trochanters?

39
Q

What landmark is level with the Coccyx?

A

Pubic Symphysis and Greater Trochanters

40
Q

For a sthenic body habitus, where are the organs normally at?

A

Heart: moderately transverse
Lungs: moderate length
Diaphragm: moderately high
Stomach: high, upper left
Colon: spread evenly; slight dip in transverse colon
Gallbladder: centered on right side, upper abdomen

41
Q

What is the characteristics of a hyposthenic body habitus? What is the percentage?

A

Organs and characteristics for this habitus are intermediate between sthenic and asthenic body habitus types; this habitus is the most difficult to classify
35%

42
Q

What is the characteristics of a sthenic body habitus? What is the percentage?

A 
Build: moderately heavy
Abdomen: moderately long
Thorax: moderately short, broad, and deep
Pelvis: Relatively small
50%
43
Q

For a hyposthenic body habitus, where are the organs normally at?

A

Organs and characteristics for this habitus are intermediate between sthenic and asthenic body habitus types; this habitus is the most difficult to classify

44
Q

What is the characteristics of a hypersthenic body habitus? What is the percentage?

A 
Build: massive
Abdomen: long
Thorax: short, broad, and deep
Pelvis: narrow
5%
45
Q

For a hypersthenic body habitus, where are the organs normally at?

A

Heart: axis nearly transverse
Lungs: short apices at or near clavicles
Diaphragm: High
Stomach: high, transverse, and in the middle
Colon: around periphery of abdomen
Gallbladder: high, outside, lies more parallel

46
Q

What is the characteristics of a asthenic body habitus? What is the percentage?

A

Build: Frail
Abdomen: Short
Thorax: Long, shallow
Pelvis: Wide

47
Q

For a asthenic body habitus, where are the organs normally at?

A

Heart: nearly vertical and at midline
Lungs: long, apices above clavicles, may be broader above base
Diaphragm: low
Stomach: low and medial, in the pelvis when standing
Colon: low, folds on itself
Gallbladder: low and nearer the midline

48
Q

What is Bradycardia?

A

Slowness of the heartbeat as evidenced by slowing of the pulse rate to less than 60 beats per minute (BPM)

49
Q

What is Bradypnea?

A

Abnormal slowness of breathing

50
Q

What does Diastolic mean?

A

Pertaining to dilation, or a period of relaxation of the heart, especially of the ventricles

51
Q

What does Dyspnea mean?

A

Difficult or labored breathing

52
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

Constancy in the internal environment of the body, naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival

53
Q

What is Hypertension?

A

Persistently high arterial blood pressure

54
Q

What is Hyperthermia?

A

Abnormally high body temperature, especially that induced for therapeutic purposes

55
Q

What is Hypotension?

A

Abnormally low blood pressure seen in shock but not necessarily indicative of shock

56
Q

What is Hyperthermia?

A

Low body temperature

57
Q

What is Hypoxemia?

A

Decreased oxygen tension (concentration) in the blood

58
Q

What is Hypoxia?

A

Reduction of oxygen supply to the tissue

59
Q

What does Systolic mean?

A

Pertaining to tightening, or a period of contraction of the heart (myocardium), especially that of the ventricles

60
Q

What is Tachycardia?

A

Rapidity of the heart action, usually defined as a heart rate greater than 100 BPM

61
Q

What is Tachypnea?

A

Abnormal rapidity of breathing

62
Q

What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A

Is a fast and easy way to assess a patient’s emotional state. Starting at the base of
the triangle and progressing up to a point is the goal. Self-Actualization - is defined as someone characterized
by confidence or showmen that knows what their goals in life are. An individual must meet all the needs of one
level before progressing to the next.

63
Q

What are the 7 levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A 
(1st level) Physiologic; food, shelter, clothing, sexual gratification.
(2nd level) Safety
(3rd level) Belongingness and love
(4th level) Esteem
(5th level) Need to know and understand
(6th level) Aesthetics
(7th level) Self-actualization
64
Q

The radiologic technologist commonly uses 3 types of touch, what are they?

A

(1) touching for emotional support
(2) touching for emphasis (to highlight or specify instructions or locations)
(3) touching for palpation

65
Q

Vital signs are a quick way and simple way to measure a pt’s…..

A

Physiologic condition objectively

66
Q

What is a normal temperature range?

A

97.7 (F) to 99.5 (F)

67
Q

What is a normal respiration rate for an adult?

A

12 to 20 breaths per minute

68
Q

What is a normal/average respiration rate for a child?

A

20 to 30 breaths per minute

69
Q

What is a normal pulse rate for an adult?

A

60 to 100 BPM

70
Q

What is a normal pulse rate for a child?

A

70 to 120 BPM

71
Q

What is the blood pressure rate for systolic?

A

<120 mm Hg

72
Q

What is the blood pressure rate for diastolic?

73
Q

How many ribs should you see in a PA projection of the chest?

A

10

even though there are 12 you need to at least see 10 ribs

74
Q

CXR image is too dark, how would you correct (fix) it?

A

Decrease master density

75
Q

What factors produce the best quality photons?

A

100 mA, 0.1 sec, 100 kVp

76
Q

What factors produce the best quantity photons?

A

600 mA, 0.1 sec, 60 kVp

77
Q

X-ray photon energy is inversely proportional to…..

A

Photon Wavelength

78
Q

What does Chronology mean?

A

Time element of the history, usually including the onset, duration, frequency, and course of the symptoms

79
Q

What is Clinical History?

A

Information available regarding a patient’s condition; traditionally comprises data on localization, quality, quantity, chronology setting, aggravating or alleviating factors and associated manifestations

80
Q

What are Leading Questions?

A

Undesirable method of questioning; provides information that may direct answers toward a suggested symptom or complaint

81
Q

Why is it important for the technologist to

take patient history?

A

They obtain the information to give to the radiologist/physician so they know more in depth what is going on with the patient. Knowing patient history also helps us interact with them and their situation and could even help reduce any nervousness they might have (art of healing) and could possibly make them feel better being able to “vent” and talk about it. Also shows that we care and want to know what is going on

82
Q

Why is it important for the technologist to use
correct identification when taking and
developing radiographs?

A

It is important because if you have the wrong patient, you would be giving them not only unnecessary exposure but you would have to give them even more for the correct ones you should be taking.

AL 134 - Clinical (1 decks)

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