Akutes Nieresversagen Flashcards

1
Q

Definition AN

A

Akut einsetzende Abnahme der Nierenfunktion
- hält über Tage an
- kann im Nierenversagen enden
- ist prinzipiell reversibel

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2
Q

Folgen AN

A
  • Zurückhaltung ( Retention) harnpflichtiger Stoffe
  • Störung der Flüssigkeits-/ Elektrolyt-/ Säure-Basen-Haushalt
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3
Q

KDIGO

A
  • Stadium 1: Serum kreatinin 1,5-1,9 ; Urin < 0,5 für 6-12h
  • Stadium 2: SK 2,0- 2,9 ; Urin <0,5 über 12h
  • Stadium 3: SK 3,0 ; Urin < 0,3 über 24h oder > 4,0 ;Anurie über 12h ; Initiation für Nierenersatztherapie
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4
Q

RIFLE

A
  • Risk: Risiko aber noch keine AKI, GFR^ 25%, Urinausscheidung: <0,5 für 6h
  • Injury: GFR^ 50%, Urin: <0,5 für 12h
  • Failure GFR^ 75%, Urin: < 0,3 für 24h oder Anurie 12h
  • Loss: Nierenversagen fur <4 Wochen
  • Ende Stage: Nierenversagen für < 3 Monate
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5
Q

Epidemiologie Akutes Nierenversagen

A

Häufig bei:
- Hospitaldosierte Pat
- intensiv Pat

AKI assoziiert mit hoher Sterblichkeit
AKI= Systemerkrankung

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6
Q

Phasen der AKI

A
  • Initialphase
  • Manifestes Nierenversagen
  • polyurische Phase
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7
Q

Initialphase

A

Asymptomatische oder Symptome der eig. Grunderkrankung

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8
Q

Polyurische Phase

A

Überschießende Disurie
Verlust von H2O, Na, K

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9
Q

Manifestes Nierenversagen

A
  • Anstieg der Retentionswerte
  • Überwässerung
  • Lungenödem
  • Hirnödem
  • Hyperkaliämie
  • Urämie
  • Met. Azidose
  • oligurische/ nicht-oligurischer Ablauf
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10
Q

What does HIT stand for?

A

Heparin-induzierte Thrombozytopenie

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11
Q

What is the main clinical difference between HIT I and HIT II?

A

HIT I is asymptomatic, while HIT II can lead to acute extremity ischemia, deep vein thrombosis, emboli, and necrosis at the heparin injection site.

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12
Q

What is the 4T-Score used for in HIT II?

A

To assess the probability of HIT II

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13
Q

What laboratory test is used to detect antibodies against the Heparin/PF4 complex?

A

Schnelltest (Elisa)

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the Heparin-inducierter Plättchenaggregationsassay?

A

To perform a function test in the diagnosis of HIT

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15
Q

How often should platelet counts be monitored in HIT II?

A

Every 3-4 days

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16
Q

What is the recommended action for HIT I?

A

No intervention necessary; regular lab controls

17
Q

What should be done immediately in the case of HIT II?

A

Immediate cessation of heparin

18
Q

What are the alternative anticoagulants for HIT II?

A
  • Argatroban
  • Danaparoid
19
Q

What is contraindicated in the treatment of HIT II?

20
Q

True or False: Thrombozytenkonzentrate should be administered in HIT II.

21
Q

What significant change occurs in platelet count during HIT?

A

There is a significant drop in platelet count.

22
Q

What is a major risk associated with HIT?

A

High risk for thrombotic complications, e.g., thrombosis.

23
Q

Fill in the blank: In HIT I, regular lab controls are necessary, but _______ is possible in the further course.

A

administration of heparin