AKI lecture

Question 1

How are the risks and outcomes of AKI stratified?

Answer 1

RIFLE citeria;

at Risk
akI
kidney Failufe
Loss of function 
End stage kidney disease

Question 2

What are normal eGFR and creatinine measurements?

Answer 2

eGFR ~120ml/min

Creatinine ~1.2 gm/dL

Question 3

What is a normal urine output?

Answer 3

0.5 ml/kg/hr

Question 4

What would the eGFR and urine output measurements be in a patient at risk of AKI?

Answer 4

eGFR reduced by 25% or more

UO

Question 5

What is the eGFR and urine output of a patient with AKI?

Answer 5

eGFR reduced by 50%

UO

Question 6

What is the eGFR and UO of a patient with kidney failure?

Answer 6

eGFR reduced by 75%

UO

Question 7

How is persistent AKI defined?

Answer 7

Complete loss of kidney function for >4 weeks

Question 8

What can persistent AKI progress to?

Answer 8

End stage kidney disease

Question 9

How does AKI present clinically?

Answer 9

eGFR reduced by >50%

Urine output

Question 10

What is uaemia?

Answer 10

High plasma urea concentration as a result of kidney failure

Urea is main component of urine, so can build up when GFR or urine output is reduced.

Question 11

What factors are associated with a worse outcome in AKI?

Answer 11

Age
DM
HTN
Congestive cardiac failure 
Pre-existing renal disease (proteinuria)
AMI
Sepsis