AKI

Question 1

What are some risk factors for AKI?

Answer 1

DM
CKD
prostate cancer
being elderly

Question 2

What are the categories of causes of AKI?

Answer 2

Pre-renal
intrinsic
post-renal

Question 3

What are some causes of pre-renal AKI?

Answer 3

Caused by decreased perfusion - FIRST
Failure (skin, liver, cardiac)
Infections 
RC haemorrhage 
Sick (GI loss, stenosis, poor perfusion)
Thrombosis

Question 4

What are some causes of intrinsic AKI?

Answer 4

renal parenchyma is damaged
- vascular (renal artery thrombosis, vasculitis)
Glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome
tubulointerstitium

Question 5

What are some causes of post-renal AKI?

Answer 5

caused by outflow obstruction 
Urinary tract obstruction 
stones
tumour 
retroperitoneal fibrosis

Question 6

What are some symptoms of AKI?

Answer 6

uraemic - lethargy, nausea, anorexia, itch, confusion

Systemic - rash, joint pain, red eyes, nasal stiffness/bleeding, haemoptysis

Question 7

What is the treatment for AKI?

Answer 7

monitor U&E and urine output, stop nephrotoxins
treat hyperkalaemia
treat pulmonary oedema
dialysis

Question 8

What tests do you look at to diagnose AKI?

Answer 8

serum creatinine (change, not pure number)
urine output