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Subject Week EMQs > AKI > Flashcards

AKI Flashcards

1
Q

Match the most appropriate investigation that will help identify the cause of renal disease: A. A patient presented with ARF, chest symptoms, urine dipstick showed blood +++& protein+++ 1. Plasma osmolality 2. Urine microscopy looking for white cell casts, urine culture 3. Renal angiogram 4. Physical examination & bladder scan 5. Urine Bence-Jones protein 6. Renal Biopsy 7. Immunoglobulin electrophoresis 8. Anion Gap 9. Urinary Na

A
  1. Renal Biopsy
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2
Q

Match the most appropriate investigation that will help identify the cause of renal disease: B. Patient presented with ARF, fever, night sweats, dysuria, & loin pain 1. Plasma osmolality 2. Urine microscopy looking for white cell casts, urine culture 3. Renal angiogram 4. Physical examination & bladder scan 5. Urine Bence-Jones protein 6. Renal Biopsy 7. Immunoglobulin electrophoresis 8. Anion Gap 9. Urinary Na

A

2) Urine microscopy looking for white cell casts, urine culture

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3
Q

Match the most appropriate investigation that will help identify the cause of renal disease: C. An elderly patient developing ARF 4 days after elective knee replacement 1. Plasma osmolality 2. Urine microscopy looking for white cell casts, urine culture 3. Renal angiogram 4. Physical examination & bladder scan 5. Urine Bence-Jones protein 6. Renal Biopsy 7. Immunoglobulin electrophoresis 8. Anion Gap 9. Urinary Na

A

9) Urinary Na

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4
Q

Match the most appropriate investigation that will help identify the cause of renal disease: D. Patient with symptoms of poor stream, dribbling hesitancy and nocturia developing a gradual rise of serum urea & creatinine 1. Plasma osmolality 2. Urine microscopy looking for white cell casts, urine culture 3. Renal angiogram 4. Physical examination & bladder scan 5. Urine Bence-Jones protein 6. Renal Biopsy 7. Immunoglobulin electrophoresis 8. Anion Gap 9. Urinary Na

A

4) Physical examination & bladder scan

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5
Q

• Chose the electrolyte abnormality likely to be associated with the following clinical conditions A. ARF after a marathon run 1. Hypernatremia 2. Metabolic acidosis 3. Hypomagneseamia 4. Hyponatremia 5. Hypocalcamia 6. Hyperkalaemia 7. Hypercalcaemia 8. Hypokalaemia 9. Metabolic alkalosis

A

5) Hypocalcaemia

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6
Q

• Chose the electrolyte abnormality likely to be associated with the following clinical conditions B. Recovery phase of ARF due to rhabdomyolysis 1. Hypernatremia 2. Metabolic acidosis 3. Hypomagneseamia 4. Hyponatremia 5. Hypocalcamia 6. Hyperkalaemia 7. Hypercalcaemia 8. Hypokalaemia 9. Metabolic alkalosis

A

7) Hypercalcaemia

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7
Q

• Chose the electrolyte abnormality likely to be associated with the following clinical conditions C. ARF after introduction of ACEI in a patient with chronic heart failure 1. Hypernatremia 2. Metabolic acidosis 3. Hypomagneseamia 4. Hyponatremia 5. Hypocalcamia 6. Hyperkalaemia 7. Hypercalcaemia 8. Hypokalaemia 9. Metabolic alkalosis

A

6) Hyperkalaemia

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8
Q

• Chose the electrolyte abnormality likely to be associated with the following clinical conditions D. Chronic laxative abuse 1. Hypernatremia 2. Metabolic acidosis 3. Hypomagneseamia 4. Hyponatremia 5. Hypocalcamia 6. Hyperkalaemia 7. Hypercalcaemia 8. Hypokalaemia 9. Metabolic alkalosis

A

8) Hypokalaemia

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9
Q

• Chose the electrolyte abnormality likely to be associated with the following clinical conditions E. Ingestion of MDMA (Ecstasy) 1. Hypernatremia 2. Metabolic acidosis 3. Hypomagneseamia 4. Hyponatremia 5. Hypocalcamia 6. Hyperkalaemia 7. Hypercalcaemia 8. Hypokalaemia 9. Metabolic alkalosis

A

4) Hyponatraemia

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10
Q

Match the following urinary casts to the pathological conditions: A. RBC casts 1. Renal tumour 2. AKI after simvastatin introduction 3. Acute tubular necrosis 4. Renovascular disease 5. Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis 6. Obstructive uropathy 7. Acute pyelonephritis 8. Nephrotic syndrome 9. Obstructive uropathy

A

5) Glomerulonephritis

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11
Q

Match the following urinary casts to the pathological conditions: B. WBC casts 1. Renal tumour 2. AKI after simvastatin introduction 3. Acute tubular necrosis 4. Renovascular disease 5. Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis 6. Obstructive uropathy 7. Acute pyelonephritis 8. Nephrotic syndrome 9. Obstructive uropathy

A

7) Acute Pyelonephritis

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12
Q

Match the following urinary casts to the pathological conditions: C. Fatty casts 1. Renal tumour 2. AKI after simvastatin introduction 3. Acute tubular necrosis 4. Renovascular disease 5. Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis 6. Obstructive uropathy 7. Acute pyelonephritis 8. Nephrotic syndrome 9. Obstructive uropathy

A

8) Nephrotic Syndrome

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13
Q

Match the following urinary casts to the pathological conditions: D. Pigmented casts 1. Renal tumour 2. AKI after simvastatin introduction 3. Acute tubular necrosis 4. Renovascular disease 5. Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis 6. Obstructive uropathy 7. Acute pyelonephritis 8. Nephrotic syndrome 9. Obstructive uropathy

A

3) Acute Tubular Necrosis (Rhabdomyolysis)

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14
Q

Select the likely cause of the above abnormal urine sediments

  1. Red cell casts 2. Calcium oxalate 3. Tamm Horsfall protein 4. Triple phosphate (struvite) 5. Uric acid 6. Glycine 7. Cystine 8. Broad Cast
A

2) Calcium Oxalate

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15
Q

Select the likely cause of the above abnormal urine sediments

  1. Red cell casts 2. Calcium oxalate 3. Tamm Horsfall protein 4. Triple phosphate (struvite) 5. Uric acid 6. Glycine 7. Cystine 8. Broad Cast
A

7) Cystine

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16
Q

Select the likely cause of the above abnormal urine sediments

  1. Red cell casts 2. Calcium oxalate 3. Tamm Horsfall protein 4. Triple phosphate (struvite) 5. Uric acid 6. Glycine 7. Cystine 8. Broad Cast
A

5) uric acid

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17
Q

Select the likely cause of the above abnormal urine sediments

  1. Red cell casts 2. Calcium oxalate 3. Tamm Horsfall protein 4. Triple phosphate (struvite) 5. Uric acid 6. Glycine 7. Cystine 8. Broad Cast
A

4) Triple Phosphate

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18
Q

• Select the biochemical abnormality most closely linked to the following clinical scenarios.

A. An athlete participating in a marathon tournament for the first time.

  1. High creatine kinase 2. Hyponatremia 3. Hyperkalemia 4. Metabolic acidosis 5. Hyperuricaemia 6. Hyperglycemia 7. metabolic alkalosis 8. Hypernatraemia
A

1) High Creatanine Kinase

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19
Q

• Select the biochemical abnormality most closely linked to the following clinical scenarios.

B. The use of Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) for treatment of hypertension

  1. High creatine kinase 2. Hyponatremia 3. Hyperkalemia 4. Metabolic acidosis 5. Hyperuricaemia 6. Hyperglycemia 7. metabolic alkalosis 8. Hypernatraemia
A

3) Hyperkalaemia

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20
Q

• Select the biochemical abnormality most closely linked to the following clinical scenarios.

C. Ecstasy use

  1. High creatine kinase 2. Hyponatremia 3. Hyperkalemia 4. Metabolic acidosis 5. Hyperuricaemia 6. Hyperglycemia 7. metabolic alkalosis 8. Hypernatraemia
A

2) Hyponatraemia

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21
Q

• Select the biochemical abnormality most closely linked to the following clinical scenarios.

D. Prostatic carcinoma

  1. High creatine kinase 2. Hyponatremia 3. Hyperkalemia 4. Metabolic acidosis 5. Hyperuricaemia 6. Hyperglycemia 7. metabolic alkalosis 8. Hypernatraemia
A

4) Metabolic Acidosis

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22
Q

• Select the biochemical abnormality most closely linked to the following clinical scenarios.

E. Chemotherapy for a bulky sarcoma of right thigh

  1. High creatine kinase 2. Hyponatremia 3. Hyperkalemia 4. Metabolic acidosis 5. Hyperuricaemia 6. Hyperglycemia 7. metabolic alkalosis 8. Hypernatraemia
A

5) Hyperuricaemia

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23
Q

• Match the drug combination causing each of the following biochemical abnormalities

A. AKI with hyperkalemia

  1. Vitamin D & oral calcium 2. Loop diuretic & calcium channel blockers 3. Loop diuretic & thiazide 4. Digoxin & nitrates 5. Spironolactone & ACEI 6. Digoxin & calcium channel blockers 7. Betablockers and Calcium channel blockers 8. Statins and cyclosporin
A

5) Spironolactone & ACE-I

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24
Q

• Match the drug combination causing each of the following biochemical abnormalities

B. AKI with Hypercalcaemia

  1. Vitamin D & oral calcium 2. Loop diuretic & calcium channel blockers 3. Loop diuretic & thiazide 4. Digoxin & nitrates 5. Spironolactone & ACEI 6. Digoxin & calcium channel blockers 7. Betablockers and Calcium channel blockers 8. Statins and cyclosporin
A

1) Vitamin D & Oral Calcium

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25
Q

• Match the drug combination causing each of the following biochemical abnormalities

C. AKI with high CK

  1. Vitamin D & oral calcium 2. Loop diuretic & calcium channel blockers 3. Loop diuretic & thiazide 4. Digoxin & nitrates 5. Spironolactone & ACEI 6. Digoxin & calcium channel blockers 7. Betablockers and Calcium channel blockers 8. Statins and cyclosporin
A

8) Statins & Cyclosporin

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26
Q

• Match the drug combination causing each of the following biochemical abnormalities

D. AKI with hyponatremia

  1. Vitamin D & oral calcium 2. Loop diuretic & calcium channel blockers 3. Loop diuretic & thiazide 4. Digoxin & nitrates 5. Spironolactone & ACEI 6. Digoxin & calcium channel blockers 7. Betablockers and Calcium channel blockers 8. Statins and cyclosporin
A

3) Loop Diuretic & Thiazide

27
Q

Match the renal histopathological findings to each of the following clinical conditions:

A. Rapidly progressive GN

  1. Eosinophils in the interstitium 2. Normal renal histopathology 3. Crescentic change in the bowman’s space 4. Mitotic figures in the tubular epithelial nuclei 5. Interstitial fibrosis 6. tubular dilatation 7. tubular epithelial cell loss 8. neutrophils in the interstitium 9. glomerular hypertrophy
A

3) Crescentic change in the bowman’s space

28
Q

Match the renal histopathological findings to each of the following clinical conditions:

B. Acute interstitial nephritis

  1. Eosinophils in the interstitium 2. Normal renal histopathology 3. Crescentic change in the bowman’s space 4. Mitotic figures in the tubular epithelial nuclei 5. Interstitial fibrosis 6. tubular dilatation 7. tubular epithelial cell loss 8. neutrophils in the interstitium 9. glomerular hypertrophy
A

1- Eosinophils in the interstitium

29
Q

Match the renal histopathological findings to each of the following clinical conditions:

C. Acute tubular necrosis

  1. Eosinophils in the interstitium 2. Normal renal histopathology 3. Crescentic change in the bowman’s space 4. Mitotic figures in the tubular epithelial nuclei 5. Interstitial fibrosis 6. tubular dilatation 7. tubular epithelial cell loss 8. neutrophils in the interstitium 9. glomerular hypertrophy
A

3- Mitotic figures in the tubular epithelial nuclei

30
Q

Match the renal histopathological findings to each of the following clinical conditions:

D. Obstructive uropathy

  1. Eosinophils in the interstitium 2. Normal renal histopathology 3. Crescentic change in the bowman’s space 4. Mitotic figures in the tubular epithelial nuclei 5. Interstitial fibrosis 6. tubular dilatation 7. tubular epithelial cell loss 8. neutrophils in the interstitium 9. glomerular hypertrophy
A

5- Tubular dilatation

31
Q

Choose one test that could establish the cause of renal injury in each of the following conditions.

A. A 24-yr-old construction worker has sustained a construction accident. His thighs have been trapped under a pile of rubble for several hours. He arrived to the A& E with AKI & swollen right thigh.

  1. Plasma osmolaity 2. MRA of the renal arteries 3. Anion gap 4. Plasma creatine phosphokinase 5. Urinary Na 6. Renal ultrasound scan 7. Mesangial leucocytes & eosiniophil infiltration on renal biopsy 8. Urinary sodium 9. EDTA GFR 10. Reciprocal serum creatinine
A
  1. Plasma creatine phosphokinase
32
Q

Choose one test that could establish the cause of renal injury in each of the following conditions.

B. A 79-yr-old man with advanced prostatic carcinoma with extensive pelvic and retroperitoneal spread is admitted with high serum creatinine. Urinary catheter produced 75 mls in 6 hours. Urinalysis showed macroscopic haematuria.

  1. Plasma osmolaity 2. MRA of the renal arteries 3. Anion gap 4. Plasma creatine phosphokinase 5. Urinary Na 6. Renal ultrasound scan 7. Mesangial leucocytes & eosiniophil infiltration on renal biopsy 8. Urinary sodium 9. EDTA GFR 10. Reciprocal serum creatinine
A

6) Renal USS

33
Q

Choose one test that could establish the cause of renal injury in each of the following conditions.

C. A 63 yrs male, with normal serum creatinine, started on Irbesartan (angiotensin receptor blocker) 150 mg/day for treatment of hypertension. 4 weeks later, routine tests showed serum creatinine 330, K 5.8

  1. Plasma osmolaity 2. MRA of the renal arteries 3. Anion gap 4. Plasma creatine phosphokinase 5. Urinary Na 6. Renal ultrasound scan 7. Mesangial leucocytes & eosiniophil infiltration on renal biopsy 8. Urinary sodium 9. EDTA GFR 10. Reciprocal serum creatinine
A

2) MRA of the renal arteries

34
Q

Choose one test that could establish the cause of renal injury in each of the following conditions.

D. A 41 yrs male treated with amoxicillin for chest infection, two weeks later developed poor appetite & weight loss. Blood tests showed a serum creatinine of 250umol/l

  1. Plasma osmolaity 2. MRA of the renal arteries 3. Anion gap 4. Plasma creatine phosphokinase 5. Urinary Na 6. Renal ultrasound scan 7. Mesangial leucocytes & eosiniophil infiltration on renal biopsy 8. Urinary sodium 9. EDTA GFR 10. Reciprocal serum creatinine
A
  1. Mesangial leucocytes & eosiniophil infiltration on renal biopsy
35
Q

• Choose the aetiology of acute kidney injury associated with each of the following clinical scenarios:

A. A 71 yrs male with a permanent ileostomy following pan colectomy (1999) for UC is being investigated for a recent onset weight loss. Following an oral barium study, he reported increased stoma output (>3 litres/ day), a previously normal s. creatinine was found to be 220 umol/l.

  1. Pre-renal failure 2. Obstructive uropathy 3. Acute tubular necrosis 4. Radio-contrast nephropathy 5. Glomerulonephritis 6. Renal stone disease 7. Rhabdomyolysis
A

1) Pre-renal failure

36
Q

• Choose the aetiology of acute kidney injury associated with each of the following clinical scenarios:

B. A 76 yrs old female developed AKI post elective hip replacement. Preoperatively she was treated with normal saline (1 litre/12hrs), and a single dose of genatmicin 240mg.

  1. Pre-renal failure 2. Obstructive uropathy 3. Acute tubular necrosis 4. Radio-contrast nephropathy 5. Glomerulonephritis 6. Renal stone disease 7. Rhabdomyolysis
A

3) Acute tubular necrosis

37
Q

• Choose the aetiology of acute kidney injury associated with each of the following clinical scenarios:

C. A 55 yrs female has completed a course of pevic readiotherapy for the treatment of advance cervical cancer. Two weeks later, she developed oliguria, urine test showed hematuria, S creatinine 350umol/l.

  1. Pre-renal failure 2. Obstructive uropathy 3. Acute tubular necrosis 4. Radio-contrast nephropathy 5. Glomerulonephritis 6. Renal stone disease 7. Rhabdomyolysis
A

2) obstructive uropathy

38
Q

• Choose the aetiology of acute kidney injury associated with each of the following clinical scenarios:

D. A 28year old male develops AKI with haematuria two weeks after a sore throat

  1. Pre-renal failure 2. Obstructive uropathy 3. Acute tubular necrosis 4. Radio-contrast nephropathy 5. Glomerulonephritis 6. Renal stone disease 7. Rhabdomyolysis
A

5) Glomerulonephritis

39
Q

In the following clinical conditions, choose the most likely cause of hypertension

A. Normal sized kidneys on renal US, normal urine dipstick

  1. Bilateral renal artery stenosis 2. Essential hypertension 3. Diabetic nephropathy 4. Unilateral renal artery stenosis 5. Pheochromocytoma 6. Polycystic kidney disease 7. Renal tumours 8. Polyarteritis Nodosa
A

2) essential hypertension

40
Q

In the following clinical conditions, choose the most likely cause of hypertension

B. Asymetrical kidneys with acute rise in serum creatinine after introduction of Candesartan (Angiotensin receptor blocker)

  1. Bilateral renal artery stenosis 2. Essential hypertension 3. Diabetic nephropathy 4. Unilateral renal artery stenosis 5. Pheochromocytoma 6. Polycystic kidney disease 7. Renal tumours 8. Polyarteritis Nodosa
A

1) bilateral renal artery stenosis

41
Q

In the following clinical conditions, choose the most likely cause of hypertension

C. Asymetrical kidneys with minimal/no change in serum creatinine after introduction of ACEI

  1. Bilateral renal artery stenosis 2. Essential hypertension 3. Diabetic nephropathy 4. Unilateral renal artery stenosis 5. Pheochromocytoma 6. Polycystic kidney disease 7. Renal tumours 8. Polyarteritis Nodosa
A

4) unilateral real artery stenosis

42
Q

In the following clinical conditions, choose the most likely cause of hypertension

D. Normal sized kidneys on USS, micro-aneurysms on fundoscopy

  1. Bilateral renal artery stenosis 2. Essential hypertension 3. Diabetic nephropathy 4. Unilateral renal artery stenosis 5. Pheochromocytoma 6. Polycystic kidney disease 7. Renal tumours 8. Polyarteritis Nodosa
A

3) diabetic neuropathy

43
Q

choose the most appropriate sentence that describes each of the following investigations:

A. Useful in differentiating renal from pre-renal failure

  1. Renal ultrasound scan 2. eGFR 3. Coronary angiography 4. Urinary sodium 5. Urinary Potassium 6. Serum creatinine kinase 7. Serum anion gap 8. Urinary osmolarity
A

4) urinary Na

44
Q

choose the most appropriate sentence that describes each of the following investigations:

B. May cause AKI in patients with renal disease

  1. Renal ultrasound scan 2. eGFR 3. Coronary angiography 4. Urinary sodium 5. Urinary Potassium 6. Serum creatinine kinase 7. Serum anion gap 8. Urinary osmolarity
A

3) coronary angiogram

45
Q

choose the most appropriate sentence that describes each of the following investigations:

C. Safe to perform in patients with renal impairment to investigate obstruction

  1. Renal ultrasound scan 2. eGFR 3. Coronary angiography 4. Urinary sodium 5. Urinary Potassium 6. Serum creatinine kinase 7. Serum anion gap 8. Urinary osmolarity
A

1) renal USS

46
Q

choose the most appropriate sentence that describes each of the following investigations:

D. Values may be falsely low in patients with increased muscle mass

  1. Renal ultrasound scan 2. eGFR 3. Coronary angiography 4. Urinary sodium 5. Urinary Potassium 6. Serum creatinine kinase 7. Serum anion gap 8. Urinary osmolarity
A

2) eGFR

47
Q

Choose the most appropriate sentence that describes the cause of renal injury caused by each of the following drugs

A. Laxative abuse

  1. Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction/ renal ischaemia 2. Reduction in vasodilatory prostaglandins 3. Dilatation of efferent arteriole 4. Volume depletion 5. Crystal formation 6. Cast nephropathy 7. Tubular obstruction
A

4) volume depletion

48
Q

Choose the most appropriate sentence that describes the cause of renal injury caused by each of the following drugs

B: ACEI

  1. Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction/ renal ischaemia 2. Reduction in vasodilatory prostaglandins 3. Dilatation of efferent arteriole 4. Volume depletion 5. Crystal formation 6. Cast nephropathy 7. Tubular obstruction
A
  1. Dilatation of efferent arteriole
49
Q

Choose the most appropriate sentence that describes the cause of renal injury caused by each of the following drugs

C: NSAIDs

  1. Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction/ renal ischaemia 2. Reduction in vasodilatory prostaglandins 3. Dilatation of efferent arteriole 4. Volume depletion 5. Crystal formation 6. Cast nephropathy 7. Tubular obstruction
A
  1. Reduction of vasodilatory prostaglandins
50
Q

Choose the most appropriate sentence that describes the cause of renal injury caused by each of the following drugs

D: Radiocontrast agents

  1. Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction/ renal ischaemia 2. Reduction in vasodilatory prostaglandins 3. Dilatation of efferent arteriole 4. Volume depletion 5. Crystal formation 6. Cast nephropathy 7. Tubular obstruction
A
  1. Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction/ renal ischaemia
51
Q

Choose the most appropriate sentence that describes each of the following drugs

A. Can cause acute rhabdomyolysis

  1. Bromocriptine 2. Large doses of vitamin D 3. Statins 4. Gabapentine 5. Paracetamol 6. Frusemide 7. ACE inhibitors 8. Mannitol
A

3) Statins

52
Q

Choose the most appropriate sentence that describes each of the following drugs

B. Dose reduction is needed in patients with chronic kidney disease

  1. Bromocriptine 2. Large doses of vitamin D 3. Statins 4. Gabapentine 5. Paracetamol 6. Frusemide 7. ACE inhibitors 8. Mannitol
A

4) Gabapentin

53
Q

Choose the most appropriate sentence that describes each of the following drugs

C. May cause post renal failure by inducing retropoeritoneal fibrosis

  1. Bromocriptine 2. Large doses of vitamin D 3. Statins 4. Gabapentine 5. Paracetamol 6. Frusemide 7. ACE inhibitors 8. Mannitol
A

1) Bromocriptine

54
Q

Choose the most appropriate sentence that describes each of the following drugs

C. May cause post renal failure by inducing retropoeritoneal fibrosis

  1. Bromocriptine 2. Large doses of vitamin D 3. Statins 4. Gabapentine 5. Paracetamol 6. Frusemide 7. ACE inhibitors 8. Mannitol
A

2) Large doses of Vit D

55
Q

For each of the following description of urine, select one or more of the clinical diagnoses from the list below

A. Frothy (foamy urine)

  1. Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder 2. Rhabdomyolysis 3. Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis 4. Acute pyelonephritis 5. Nephrotic syndrome 6. Renovascular disease 7. Essential hypertension 8. Congestive cardiac failure
A

5) Nephrotic syndrome

56
Q

For each of the following description of urine, select one or more of the clinical diagnoses from the list below

B: Cloudy urine

  1. Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder 2. Rhabdomyolysis 3. Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis 4. Acute pyelonephritis 5. Nephrotic syndrome 6. Renovascular disease 7. Essential hypertension 8. Congestive cardiac failure
A
  1. Acute pyelonephritis
57
Q

For each of the following description of urine, select one or more of the clinical diagnoses from the list below

C: Dark urine with red cell casts

  1. Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder 2. Rhabdomyolysis 3. Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis 4. Acute pyelonephritis 5. Nephrotic syndrome 6. Renovascular disease 7. Essential hypertension 8. Congestive cardiac failure
A
  1. Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
58
Q

For each of the following description of urine, select one or more of the clinical diagnoses from the list below

D. Dark urine with no red cell or red cell casts

  1. Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder 2. Rhabdomyolysis 3. Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis 4. Acute pyelonephritis 5. Nephrotic syndrome 6. Renovascular disease 7. Essential hypertension 8. Congestive cardiac failure
A

2) Rhabdomyolysis

59
Q

For each of the following description of urine, select one or more of the clinical diagnoses from the list below

D. Dark urine with no red cell or red cell casts

  1. Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder 2. Rhabdomyolysis 3. Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis 4. Acute pyelonephritis 5. Nephrotic syndrome 6. Renovascular disease 7. Essential hypertension 8. Congestive cardiac failure
A
  1. Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder
60
Q

Match the clinical limitations to the following investigations

A. Plasma Urea

  1. Useful in investigating renal stone disease 2. Useful in diagnosing renovascular disease 3. Undergoes tubular secretion 4. Invalid in patients on diuretics 5. Disproportionately high in patients with dehydration 6. Increased in those with high muscle mass 7. Disproportionately low in patients with liver disease 8. Used as a variable in MDRD eGFR equation
A
  1. Disproportionately high in patients with dehydration 7. Disproportionately low in patients with liver disease
61
Q

Match the clinical limitations to the following investigations

B: Serum creatanine

  1. Useful in investigating renal stone disease 2. Useful in diagnosing renovascular disease 3. Undergoes tubular secretion 4. Invalid in patients on diuretics 5. Disproportionately high in patients with dehydration 6. Increased in those with high muscle mass 7. Disproportionately low in patients with liver disease 8. Used as a variable in MDRD eGFR equation
A
  1. Undergoes tubular secretion 6. Increased in those with high muscle mass 8. Used as a variable in MDRD eGFR equation
62
Q

Match the clinical limitations to the following investigations

C: IV urogram

  1. Useful in investigating renal stone disease 2. Useful in diagnosing renovascular disease 3. Undergoes tubular secretion 4. Invalid in patients on diuretics 5. Disproportionately high in patients with dehydration 6. Increased in those with high muscle mass 7. Disproportionately low in patients with liver disease 8. Used as a variable in MDRD eGFR equation
A
  1. Useful in investigating renal stone disease
63
Q

Match the clinical limitations to the following investigations

D: urinary Na

  1. Useful in investigating renal stone disease 2. Useful in diagnosing renovascular disease 3. Undergoes tubular secretion 4. Invalid in patients on diuretics 5. Disproportionately high in patients with dehydration 6. Increased in those with high muscle mass 7. Disproportionately low in patients with liver disease 8. Used as a variable in MDRD eGFR equation
A
  1. Invalid in patients on diuretics

Subject Week EMQs (3 decks)

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