AKI Flashcards
1
Q
define an acute kidney injury
A
- sudden deterioration of kidney function
- is a spectrum of injuries
2
Q
how does a prerenal AKI present itself
A
- caused by reduced blood flow/oxygen
- hypovolemia and hypovolemic shock
- decreased CO (MI, HF, carcinogenic shock)
- decreased peripheral vascular resistance (septic shock, vasodilation)
3
Q
how does a intrarenal AKI present itself
A
- damage to kindeys
- prologned ischemia
- nephrotoxins
- hemoglobin or myoglobin
- medciations (ACE and ARBs - if already on them for long term)
4
Q
how does a postrenal AKI present itself
A
- obstruction of UT
- blocked catheters
- enlarged prostate
- tumors
- non fixed UTI
5
Q
what are the phases of AKI
A
- onset phase
- oliguric phase
- diuretic phase
- recovery phase
6
Q
what is the primary function of the kidneys
A
- filter waste from circulation
- maintain fluid and electrolyte and acid base balance
- excrete wastes
7
Q
oliguria
A
- low urine output with stable creatinine
8
Q
what is the secondary function of the kidneys
A
- regulates blood pressure
- bone density
9
Q
what is non-oliguria
A
- elevated creatinine with normal urine outpuit
10
Q
during oliguric phase what electrolyte distrubances will we see
A
- hyperkalemia
- hyperphosphatemia (increased production of bone breakdown)
- hypocalcemia (decreased Vit. D)
- low sodium
11
Q
fluid volume overload due to AKI we will see
A
- JVD
- edema
- pleural effusion
- increased preload
12
Q
what are risks when in the diuretic phase
A
- dehydration, hypovolemia and hypotension due to decreased volume (being excreted)
- hyponatremia and hypokalemia
13
Q
diagnostics for AKI
A
- GFR
- Creatinine
- BUN
- HCO3 levels
- Renal ultrasound
- Renal CT
14
Q
what does GFR show
A
- decrease in cardiac output
- due to either hypotension or hypovolemia
15
Q
creatinine levels indicates
A
- GFR fails - not filtered so stays in
- muscle break down
