AKI

Question 1

Name 7 function of the kidneys

Answer 1

Excreting waste products including drugs from the body
Regulating water content of the body
Regulating electrolytes in the blood
Regulating acid-balance
Releasing hormones that aid in the regulation of BP
Produce an active form of vitamin D that promotes strong and healthy bones
Regulate the production of red blood cells

Question 2

What does AWETBED stand for?

Answer 2

Acid-base balance
Water balance
Electrolyte balance
Toxin removal
BP control
Erythropoietin production
Vitamin D metabolism

Question 3

What percentage of nephrons can be lost before the kidneys’ ability to process blood is significantly reduced from a clinical perspective

Answer 3

80-90%

Question 4

What does the blood start to retain when kidney function declines?

Answer 4

Water, potassium, hydrogen, urea, creatinine

Question 5

Name a cause of prerenal AKI

Answer 5

Renal ischaemia

Question 6

Name three causes of intrarenal AKI

Answer 6

acute glomerulonephritis, acute pyelonephritis, acute interstitial nephritis

Question 7

Name four causes of postrenal AKI

Answer 7

Kidney stones, prostate hypertrophy, cancerous tumours or blocked catheters

Question 8

What is GFR?

Answer 8

Glomerular Filtration Rate, a measure of how well the kidneys process blood

Question 9

What are the stages of RIFLE?

Answer 9

Risk: serum creatinine increased by X1.5 of GFR decreased by 25%
Injury: serum creatinine increased X2 or GFR decreased by 50%
Failure: serum creatinine increased X3
Loss: Persistent acute kidney failure, complete loss of kidney function >weeks
End stage kidney disease: complete loss of kidney function >3 months