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BCBA Exam Materials > AKA's > Flashcards

AKA's Flashcards

1
Q

Sequence effects

A

Alteration effects

carry-over effects

Disadvantage of ABAB Design

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2
Q

treatment

A

independent variable

intervention

x-axis

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3
Q

confounding variables

A

Uncontrollable events
Dependent variable

i.e., med change, adopted sibling, divorce, etc.

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4
Q

Extraneous variables

A

E=E

Environmental (physical environment)

i.e., weather, temperature, sound

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5
Q

ratio chart

A

semi-logarithmic

standard celeration chart

rate (increasing/decreasing)

precision teaching

multiply-divide chart

Used for fluency

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6
Q

validity

A

Valid measurement– Are you measuring it correctly?

irrelevance– Is it accurately measuring the BX?

i.e., turkey thermometer to measure a child’s fever

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7
Q

accuracy

A

observed value

true value

measurement bias

i.e., scale at home vs. scale at the doctors office.

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8
Q

reliability

A

repeated

yields the same results

replication (6 attitudes of science)

Internal Validity

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9
Q

Interval-by-interval IOA

A

Trial-by-Trial

Point-by-point IOA

point-by-point agreement

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10
Q

Total count IOA

A

Least Stringent

Least strict

Least conservative

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11
Q

Exact Count IOA

A

Most Stringent

Most Strict

Most conservative

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12
Q

Mean-count-per interval

A

average

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13
Q

Causation

A

Control
Functional Relation
Experimentation
Analytical

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14
Q

Correlation

A

Prediction

Covariation

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15
Q

Frequency Polygon

A

line graph

Equal interavl

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16
Q

Type 2 error

A

False -

“oh, yes It did!”

Visual Analysis

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17
Q

Statistical error

A

Type 1 error

False +

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18
Q

Visual analysis error

A

Type 2 error

False -

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19
Q

Type 1 error

A

False +

“oh, no it didn’t!”

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20
Q

Pattern Analysis

A

Scatterplot (shows temporal distribution)

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21
Q

ordinate

A

Y- axis
vertical
VOY

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22
Q

absicca

A

X- axis
IV
Horizontal

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23
Q

x-axis

A

Independent variable

Horizontal

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24
Q

y-axis

A

Dependent Variable

Vertical

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25
Q

Parametric Analysis

A

Quantity

Dosage

Value

Number

i.e., 10 min. DRO, 5 mg’s VS. 10 mg’s

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26
Q

Level

A

data path on the y-axis

calculated by a mean (average) go all data points

always a flat line

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27
Q

Trend

A

Direction of the data path

DAVS- Descending, Ascending, Variable, Stable (no trend)

Steep= (>45 degrees) -quickly
Moderate = (~15-45 degrees) - just ascending
Flat = (0-~15) - stable
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28
Q

Variability

A

How spread out the data points are

Range

High spread = high variability

Low spread= low variability

Less variability = more stability

more stability = less variability

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29
Q

Empiricism

A

Facts

Detailed descriptions

Observations (objective, quantified)

Experimental practice

Carefully defined phenomenon (i.e., science fair project)

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30
Q

DRA

A

Functionally Equivalent

FCT (antecedent based)

DRC (consequence based)

Antecedent strategy

DNRA- negative reinforcement (escape)

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31
Q

Unconditioned Punishers

A

Unlearned punishers
Untrained punishers
Pairing

i.e., loud noise, physical restraint, pain

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32
Q

Determinism

A

Lawful, orderly, predictable

Cause + Effect- everything happens for a reason!

Consistent results over numerous experiments

ALL phenomenon occurs as a result of other events.

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33
Q

Replication

A

Repeat

Ratio

accuracy

baseline logic

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34
Q

Philosophical Doubt

A

Healthy Skepticism

BSdetector

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35
Q

Experimentation

A

Labs

Functional Analysis

Analytic

Functional relation

Experimental Control

Experimental Analysis

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36
Q

Parsimony

A

Simplest explanation/theory

Keep it simple

Based on prior knowledge and law

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37
Q

Codic

A

Copy (in any form)

Verbal Operant

Transcription

Textual

Has Point to point correspondence

No formal similarity

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38
Q

Rule governed BX

A

rule control

rule governance

The rule about rules

You don’t have to come in contact w/ the contingency

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39
Q

Contingency Shaped BX

A

immediate consequences

contingency control

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40
Q

Dependent Group Contingency

A

Hero Procedure

“the pressure is on me!”

R+ dependent on an individual or small group

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41
Q

Habituation

A

Respondent

Reflex weakens

elicit

shorter

Desensitize

Unconditioned Stimulus

i.e., If someone blows in your eye, you blink. Overtime when they blow into your eye, you blink less.

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42
Q

Habilitation

A

Operant BX

adjustment

short & long term reinforcement MAXIMIZED

short & long term punishment MINIMIZED

behavioral cusp/pivotal bx’s

Questions to ask yourself: 
is this age appropriate?
Is this important for them?
Will this generalize?
Will this be functional?
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43
Q

Scored IOA

A

SLOWWW

Low rates

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44
Q

Unscored IOA

A

High rate behaviors

over 70%

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45
Q

Internal validity

A

Intervention

Independent variable

M-I-S-S

Measurement confounds (observer drift, reactivity)
Independent variable confounds 
Subject confounds (maturation)
Setting confounds (bootleg R+)
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46
Q

Changing criterion design

A

stepwise fashion

must be in repertoire

type of experimental design

1 bx at a time

used for punishment & reinforcement

LMN- length of phases, magnitude of criterion change, number of criterion.

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47
Q

Multiple probe design

A

Generalization and maintenance

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48
Q

Reversal Treatment Design

A

Multiple Treatment Design

A-B-A-B

A-B-A-B-C-B-C

A-B-C-B-C-B-C

Shows highest functional control

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49
Q

Definitional measures

A

topography

magnitude

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50
Q

magnitude

A

force, intensity, severity

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51
Q

topography

A

form & shape (what the BX looks like)

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52
Q

baseline logic

A

PVR

Prediction
Verification
Replication

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53
Q

Response induction

A

response generalization

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54
Q

experimental analysis

A

Functional Assessment

Iwata

Analog Assessment

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55
Q

anecdotal observation

A

A-B-C recording

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56
Q

Assessment

A

FBA

indirect

direct

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57
Q

generative learning

A

derived relations

generalization

generality

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58
Q

False Negative

A

( - ) + ( - ) = +

accurate

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59
Q

Alternative Compound schedule

A

Either/OR!

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60
Q

S-R-S

A

Ontogenic

Antecedent- bx- consequence

consequence that affects the future bx

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61
Q

Non-exclusionary time out

A

IWOR

Planned ignoring
withdrawal from specific reinforcement
Contingent observation
Ribbon

Ribbon on = R+ available

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62
Q

Successive approximations

A

Shaping

Differential R+

Across and within

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63
Q

Echoic

A

Verbal operant

verbal imitation

Point to point correspondence

formal similarity

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64
Q

Derivative measures

A

PT

Percent of occurence

Trials to criterion

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65
Q

What is labeled on the horizontal axis?

A

Unit of time- sessions, time, dates

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66
Q

what is labeled on the vertical axis?

A

responses, measurement, bx’s, range of responses.

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67
Q

Data labels

A

titles

intervention

behaviors

different subjects

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68
Q

Phase levels

A

conditions

focus

treatments

baseline

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69
Q

Motivation

A

In the moment

Satiation

Deprivation

Antecedent

EO & AO

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70
Q

Motivating Operation

A

Change in value (in the moment)

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71
Q

Establishing Operation

A

EO

MO

Value altering – more valuable

Behavior Altering– evocative

Evokes

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72
Q

Abolishing Operation

A

AO

MO

value altering– less valuable

behavior altering– abative effect

abolishing effect

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73
Q

Fixed ratio

A

high steady rates of responding

post R+ pause

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74
Q

Variable ratio

A

High steady rates of responding

w/o post R+ pause

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75
Q

pragmatism

A

observable & practical consequences

AB because of C

A- setting
B- BX
C- because of the consequence

asks “how?”

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76
Q

applied

A

socially significant

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77
Q

bx momentum

A

high-p

2-5 high p requests

social praise with each completed request

Interspersed requests

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78
Q

Conceptually systematic

A

basic principles - PUNISHMENT, EXTINCTION, REINFORCEMENT

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79
Q

permanent product

A

outcome recording

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80
Q

single preference assessment

A

successive

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81
Q

IRT measurement

A

DRL

Decrease

Temporal Locus

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82
Q

Free operant preference assessment

A

Contrived

natural

record how long child engages with each item

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83
Q

temporal locus

A

dimensional measurement

IRT

Latency

point in time

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84
Q

Time sampling

A

discontinuous measurement

continuous bx

high rate bx’s

Whole and partial interval
momentary time sampling

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85
Q

whole interval recording

A

WIR-

record if the bx occurs during entire interval

used to increase bx’s

underestimates the percentage of the observation

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86
Q

partial interval recording

A

PIR- 1 recording per interval

used to decrease behaviors

underestimates rate

overestimates duration

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87
Q

momentary time sampling

A

record behavior after the interval ends

did the bx occur? – Y/N

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88
Q

primary reinforcers

A

untrained R+’s

water
food 
sex
warmth
oxygen
pain
activity
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89
Q

Loose degree of stimulus control

A

stimulus generalization

multiple stimuli- 1 response

i.e.,
S1: horse
S2: pig
S3: bull

Response = animals

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90
Q

tight/narrow stimulus control

A

Strict stimulus control

Stimulus discrimination

i.e., different stimuli do not evoke the same response

light turns green= drive
light turns red= stop driving

91
Q

overshadowing

A

interferes

distraction

bx not in repertoire

92
Q

General case strategy

A

general case analysis

Teaching various stimuli in the generalization setting

teach diff stimulus & response variations

i.e., diff vending machines, diff sinks, diff cell phones, diff make up brushes.

93
Q

respondent extinction

A

unpairing procedure

stimulus-stimulus unpairing

94
Q

bar graphs

A

histograms

used for comparisons

95
Q

adaptation

A

operant bx

evoke

longer

getting used to a condition & it’s consequences

i.e., moving to NY & not sleeping at night due to street noise. Overtime, you adapt & begin sleeping overnight.

96
Q

Component Analysis

A

identifying which treatment is working

remove one component at a time

97
Q

SD

A

Controlled relation

signs reinforcement

availability

precedes a response

98
Q

rate

A

count/time

“PER”

free operant recording

Proficiency/fluency

continuous measurement

discontinuos BX

99
Q

3 Antecedent strategies

A

FCT

High probability request sequence

Noncontingent Reinforcement (NCR)

  • MO*
    pg. 232 PTBABA MANUEL
100
Q

repeatability

A

C-R-C

Count
Rate
Celebration

Frequency
Countability

101
Q

Skinner

A

Operant BX

S-R-S

learned BX

ontogenic

102
Q

ontogenic

A

Learned BX

emit/evoke

consequences

EO

103
Q

Pavlov

A

Respondent BX

Unconditioned

neutral stimulus

stimulus, stimulus pairing

involuntary

phylogeny

reflexive

104
Q

phylogeny

A

Unlearned

reflexive

105
Q

Response prompts

A

M-V-P

Modeling
Verbal Prompts
Physical prompts

106
Q

stimulus prompts

A

M-P-P

movement
positional
pairing (redundancy)

107
Q

limited hold

A

window of opportunity

within a certain time

108
Q

John Watson

A

Methodological behaviorism

Watsonian

S-R (stimulus-response)

observed events

109
Q

self-evaluation

A

self-assessment (analytics/experimentaion)

110
Q

Incidental teaching

A

In-situ teaching

Non-intensive teaching

Natural Environment Training

Hart & Risley

Language training (verbal bx- uses MO’s)

Indiscriminable contingencies

Train loosely (mix Sd’s, multiple exemplars)

111
Q

Shaping

A

across (topographical) &

within (measurement) topographies

112
Q

Requirements for a new BCBA

A

1 year until you can supervise

4 ethics CEU’s

32 total for a 2 year period

113
Q

Social Positive reinforcer

A

GCSR’s

114
Q

Social Negative reinforcer

A

losing something

115
Q

Stimulus equivalence

A

RST

Arbitrary stimuli

Reflexive
symmetry
transitivity

116
Q

generalization across subjects

A

ripple effect

spill over effect

vicarious effect

117
Q

IOA

A

believability

80% or higher

118
Q

Mand

A

MO

no-point-to-point correspondence

119
Q

Variable ratio

A

intermittent R+

most resistent to extinction

120
Q

grandma’s law

A

premark principle

low-p

first-then

121
Q

Hypothetical constructs

A

imaginary constructs

free-will

memory

unobserved

122
Q

explanatory fictions

A

inner dimension

“he knows, wants”

“he’s intelligent”

“figures it out”

123
Q

free operant arrangement

A

matching to sample trials

124
Q

Behavioral cusp

A

taught

new bx

new contingencies

“a whole new world!”

i.e., driving, reading)

125
Q

pivotal behaviors

A

untrained bx’s

things we’re all born with

i.e., eye contact, laughter, etc.

126
Q

Automatic Reinforcement

A

alone

sensory

stereotopty

self-stem

sensory extinction

127
Q

concept

A

concept formation

concept acquisition

128
Q

behaviorism

A

conceptual analysis of bx

129
Q

contiguity

A

temporal contiguity

nearness of events in time

two stimuli are experienced close together in time & as a result an association may be formed

130
Q

Darwinism selectionism

A

3-term-contingency

selection by consequences

131
Q

operant behavior

A

operant conditioning

EVOKE/EMIT

ontogenic

3-term-contingency (ABC)

learned- history of CONSEQEUNCES

voluntary

adaptation

S-R-S (stimulus-response-stimulus)

BF Skinner

132
Q

Respondent BX

A

classical conditioning

Reflexive/Elicit

Phylogeny

Respondent conditioning (CS-CR)

unlearned/involuntary

Ivan Pavlov

Unconditioned (US-UR)

S-S (stimulus-stimulus pairing)

Habituation

133
Q

respondent conditioning

A

reflexive

classical conditioning

CS-CR

Pavlovian conditioning

S-S-pairing

134
Q

SΔ

A

S-delta

reinforcement not available

135
Q

stimulus discrimination

A

SD

tight and narrow stimulus control

136
Q

RALD

A

Rate

amplitude

latency

duration

137
Q

measurement bias

A

overestimate or underestimate

threat to internal validity

threat to accuracy

138
Q

4-term-contingency

A

MO

A-B-C

MO-SD-R

Modeling & imitating

139
Q

delayed prompting

A

time delay

delayed cuing

progressive delay

140
Q

extinction

A

operant extinction

141
Q

negative punishment

A

type 2 punishment

penalty principle

penalty contingency

142
Q

positive punishment

A

type 1 punishment

143
Q

Fading

A

stimulus fading

144
Q

Stimulus shape transformations

A

shaping

145
Q

total task chaining

A

whole-task method

concurrent chaining

total task presentation

146
Q

breaking behavior

A

unlinking a chain

unchaining

147
Q

echoic

A

duplic

verbal imitation

point to point correspondence

formal similarity

GCSR

verbal SD- vocal R

148
Q

DRO

A

zero responding

Length of time (interval & momentary)

omission training

Time based procedures

reinforcement delivered at the end of the interval

149
Q

experimental control

A

functional relation

analysis

control

150
Q

Single subject designs

A

intra-subject designs

within-subject designs

single-case designs

time series

151
Q

analytical

A

functional relation

experimentation

control

152
Q

Experimental analysis of behavior (EAB)

A

FA

analog assessment

Visual analysis (type 2) of graph preferred over statistical analysis (type 1)

conducted in labs (repeated measurement, IV/DV)

Skinner

Within-subject design

Rate of response (common DV)

153
Q

observer drift

A

not recording what they intended to

154
Q

treatment drift

A

IV is applied differently than intended

155
Q

believability

A

HIGH AGREEMENT IOA

Accurate

obtained by reliable measures

156
Q

pre-task choice

A

asking a client about stimulus preference

157
Q

stimulus equivalence formula

A

A=A -reflexive

A=B & B=A -symmetry

B=C & A=C -transitivity

158
Q

Contingency Dependent Antecedent Intervention

A

Antecedent Control

Antecedent procedures

antecedent manipulations

SD***

159
Q

Self-management

A

self control

Self-management tactics:

Self-instruction

habit reversal

systematic desensitization

Massed practice

160
Q

attention

A

contingent attention

161
Q

DRI

A

subtype of DRA

“rather than”

Incompatible bx

162
Q

pro-social behavior

A 
sharing
cooperating
helping
comforting
caring

definition: social competence across a life span (the qualities that make you a good friend)

163
Q

DRH

A

differential reinforcement of high rate behavior

IRT measurement

decreasing IRT between bx’s

164
Q

DRD

A

differential reinforcement of diminishing rates

using a progressively decreasing criteria

rate measurement

165
Q

DRL

A

IRT measurement

increasing IRT between bx’s

166
Q

Which derivative measure is used to display time sampling (interval) data?

A

% of successful intervals/ total intervals

% of occurrences

167
Q

Social validity

A

social significance of target bx

appropriateness of procedure

social importance of results

168
Q

external validity

A

environmental (generalization to other subjects, settings, or behaviors).

169
Q

Faulty Stimulus control

A

control over an irrelevant antecedent stimulus

170
Q

Methodological Behaviorism

A

John Watson

Observable behaviors only

171
Q

contingency adduction

A

rapid learning

definition: BX that was initially selected & shaped under 1 set of conditions, is recruited by a diff. set of contingencies & takes on a new function in the persons repertoire.
i. e., addition, subtraction, multiplication

172
Q

selectionism

A

life evolves, based on function.

survival of the fittest

selection by consequences in regards to function

173
Q

Phylogenic

A

Respondent BX

Pavlov

genetic history

unlearned

involuntary

174
Q

Ontogenic

A

Operant BX

Skinner

Learning results from interaction with environment

175
Q

Operant BX

A

EMIT

EVOKE

Voluntary action

History of consequences

adaptation

function matters

176
Q

Respondent BX

A

ELICITED

REFLEX

Involuntary action

BX is inherited genetically

habituation

US-UR

phylogeny

177
Q

Mentalism

A

Mental or Inner dimension

antecedent analysis

i.e., spiritual, neural, subjective, feelings, attitudes, psychic, conceptual, hypothetical.

178
Q

Radical behaviorism

A

Skinner

Operant BX

S-R-S (stimulus-response-stimulus)

Private event is no diff than public event

environmental considerations

179
Q

Methodological Behaviorism

A

Watson

S-O-R (stimulus, organism variable, response)

observable events ONLY.

mediated through internal processes

180
Q

conceptual analysis of bx

A

examines philosophical, theoretical, historical and methodological issues

181
Q

applied behavior analysis

A

accessing, monitoring, analyzing, communicating the effects of programming.

Characteristics of ABA:
accountable
public
doable
empowering
optimistic

increase, teach and maintain BX

applied systemically to improve socially significant bx.

evidence based method of examining & changing what people say/do.

182
Q

Professional Practice (BX service delivery)

A

professionals delivering behaviors analytic services to consumers

(education, sports, psych, health, etc.)

183
Q

feelings

A

explanatory fictions

collateral products

do not cause bx

184
Q

Expectancy

A

Bias

preconceived notions

185
Q

Free Operant Arrangement

A

Unlimited Responses and reinforcement opportunities

GCSR for some responses

186
Q

Measurement Artifact

A

Misleading Data

Caused by the way bx was measured

Caused by:
time sampling measurement

poorly scheduled observations

insensitive or limiting measurement scales

Cooper pg. 95

187
Q

EO

A

deprivation

188
Q

AO

A

Satiation

189
Q

CMO-T (Transitive)

A

Problem solving tool

190
Q

CMO-R (Reflexive)

A

Warning

Signal

Worse or better

191
Q

CMO-S (Surrogate)

A

Pair

Pairing

Paired

192
Q

Personalized system of instruction

A

PSI

Fred Keller

Self-paced

Mastery 90%

Proctors

Lectures

Voluntary

193
Q

Direct Instruction

A

DI

Engelmann

Scripts (TA- curriculum)

small groups (tested & grouped by level)

fast paced (engagement, efficiency)

Choral responding (signal - unison)

correction & error prevention

194
Q

Precision Teaching

A

PT

Ogden Lindsey
Fluency/frequency
Rate
SCC -standard celeration chart

“learner knows best”

195
Q

Arbitrary Stimulus Class

A

Symbolic- Symmetry

Limited # of stimuli

Diff features/stimuli, same category
(cat, bird, dog, cow= animal)

196
Q

adjunctive behaviors

A

time-filling behaviors

Avoid things you don’t like in the meantime (escape lecture)

i.e., checking Facebook, smoking a cigarette, doodling.

197
Q

Setting events

A

Conditions surrounding a bx. It can occur in the presence of an antecedent.

(SD’s or MO’s)

i.e., Not taking medication, Side effects to a new medication, Not getting an adequate amount of sleep, etc.

198
Q

CHECKPOINT:

A

YOU’RE ROCKING IT !

199
Q

Programming common stimuli

A

Bringing real life SD’s into the training environment

200
Q

Relevance of BX rule

A

Will this produce reinforcement in the natural environment once treatment ends?

Will it work?
Is it worth it?

201
Q

Discrete Trial Training

A

DTT

Lovaas

single instruction

antecedent (prompt) -> response-> consequence-> Inter-response trial (time between the consequence & the next antecedent.

202
Q

observable- operational definition

A

observable

measurable characteristics

203
Q

complete- operational definition

A

inclusion/exclusion

examples + non-examples

the boundaries

what counts as a response and what does not

204
Q

clear- operational definition

A

unambiguous

clearly written

easily readable

205
Q

Non-contingent Reinforcement

A

Antecedent strategy

Fixed time

Doesn’t apply to attention seeking behaviors only.

i.e., waiter coming to refill your water before you could even ask.

206
Q

behavioral economics

A

influence behaviors

ratios

i.e., candy will require more points than chips

207
Q

shaping across behaviors

A

topography

form

shape

208
Q

shaping within behaviors

A

dimension

speed

magnitude

volume

209
Q

stimulus-stimulus relations

A

relationship between members of any stimulus class

i.e., conditional stimulus control

210
Q

derived/emergent relations

A

stimuli w/ same effect on behavior

w/o direct training

doesn’t depend on physical similarities

211
Q

equivalence class

A

trained

all potential relations

derived relations

212
Q

Generality: 7 dimensions

A

Lasting over time

spreading to other environments

other behaviors

other people

213
Q

Effective: 7 dimensions

A

change

practical magnitude

214
Q

Technological: 7 dimensions

A

described well

written

to be replicated

IDIOT PROOF

215
Q

Applied: 7 dimensions

A

Socially significant

Important for the client

216
Q

Conceptually systematic: 7 dimensions

A

Expressed in ABA terms

Principles

The Basics

Punishment

Extinction

Reinforcement

217
Q

Analytic: 7 dimensions

A

stimulus control

experimental control

Functional Relation

218
Q

Behavioral: 7 dimensions

A

observable

measurable

behavior of concern

219
Q

Higher Order Conditioning

A

Secondary Conditioning

220
Q

Self-Instructions

A

Self-generated verbal prompts

221
Q

SP

A

punishment

222
Q

antecedent manipulation

A

antecedent control procedures

223
Q

behavioral chain

A

stimulus-response chain

224
Q

schedule-induced behavior

A

adjunctive

BCBA Exam Materials (4 decks)

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