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CORE: Thoracic > Airways > Flashcards

Airways Flashcards

1
Q

ddx for non neoplastic tracheal thickening

A

polychondritis, tracehobronchopathia osteochondroplastica, TB, amyloidosis, wegener granulomatosis, sarcoid

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2
Q

relapsing polychondritis

A

inflammation of cartilaginous structures (ear, nose, larynx, trachea/bronchi)

middle aged women

smooth tracheal bronchial wall thickening with SPARING OF POSTERIOR MEMBRANOUS trachea

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3
Q

ddx for tracheal thickening with sparing of posterior trachea

A

relapsing polychondritis and tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica

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4
Q

tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TPO)

A

submucosal calcified osteocartilaginous nodules along tracheal walls

benign

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5
Q

TB airway

A

endobronchial spread can cause smooth concentric narrowing of long segments of airway (>3cm)

distal trachea and proximal bronchi

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6
Q

amyloidosis airway

A

irregular narrowing of airways due to submucosal amyloid deposition

posterior membrane involved

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7
Q

wegener granulomatosis

A

large airway involvement; usually subglottic tracheal stenosis with circumferential mucosal thickening

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8
Q

sarcoidosis airway

A

smooth stenosis to nodular or mass like apperance

tracheal involvement rare

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9
Q

causes of focal non-neoplastic tracheal stenosis/wall thickening

A

intubation/tracheostomy; Behcet and Crohn disease

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10
Q

bronchiectasis

A

progressive, irreversible dilation of cartilage containing bronchi

bronchial wall injury, lumen obstruction, traction from adjacent fibrosis

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11
Q

causes of bronchiectasis

A
  • cystic fibrosis, Kartagener
  • recurrent pneumonia
  • bronchocentric infection (TB, atypical mycobacteria)
  • immune response (ABPA, vasculitis)
  • impaired immunity (congenital immunodeficiency, transplants, agammaglobulinemia)
  • congenital connective tissue disorder (Mounier Kuhn, Williams-Campbell)
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12
Q

Mounier Kuhn

A

connective tissue disorder; tracheobronchomealy leading to recurrent pneumonia

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13
Q

Williams-Campbell

A

rare disorder

distal bronchial cartilage; sequelae of viral infection

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14
Q

cystic fibrosis vs post infectious imaging

A

CF: upper lobe predominant

viral: lower lobe predominant

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15
Q

types of bronchiectasis, morphology

A

cylindrical: mild bronchial dilation
varicose: moderate; beaded/irregular bronchi
cysts: severe; enlarged/ballooned with formation of multple cysts that may not connect to airways

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16
Q

signet ring sign bronchi

A

dilated bronchus adjacent to normal pulmonary artery branch

17
Q

broncholithiasis

A

rare disorder of calcified/ossified material within bronchial lumen; adjacent calcified granulomatous LN

nonproductive cough, hemoptysis, air trapping

18
Q

emphysema

A

destruction of alveolar walls&raquo_space; irreversible enlargement of distal airspaces&raquo_space; fibrosis

increased elastase in smokers (produced by macrophages/neutrophils); or decreased of alpha 1 antitrypsin (neutralizing enzyme) can result in lung destruction/emphysema

19
Q

centrilobular emphysema

A

smoking related lung disease ; upper lobes

center of secondary pulmonary nodule

20
Q

paraseptal emphysema

A

subpleural location, predisposes to pneumothorax

21
Q

panacinalr/panlobular emphysema

A

lower lobes

22
Q

most common airway central tumors

A

squamous cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma

less common: carcinoid, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, tracheal lymphoma, endobronchial mets, malignancy

23
Q

squamous cell carcinoma: airays

A

smoking associated

polypoid intraluminal tracheal mass; may invade esophagus and cause TEF

24
Q

adenoid cystic carcinoma

A

low grade malignancy; pts in 40s without smoking history

perineural/submucosal spread; intense FDG uptake

submucosal mass that infiltrates tracheal wall and mediastinal fat; also can cause circumferential tracheal/bronchial thickening causing airway stenosis

25
Q

carcinoid: aiways

A

most common bronchial tumor in children

spectrum of neuroendocrine neoplasm; may secrete hormones like ACTH

endoluminal bronchial mass with homogenous arterial enhancement

26
Q

dx for enhancing endobronchial mass

A

carcinoid, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, hemangioma, glomus tumor

27
Q

mucoepidermoid carcinoma: airways

A

originates from tiny salivary glands lining tracheobronchial tree

affects younger patients

round/oval endobronchial mass

28
Q

tracheal lymphoma

A

rare; associated with MALT

29
Q

endobronchial mets

A

breast, RCC, thryoid, lung, melanoma, sarcoma

30
Q

direct invasion to bronchi by adjacent malignancy

A

aggressive laryngeal, thyroid, esophageal, lung

31
Q

benign endobronchial lesions

A

papilloma (chronic irritation)

multiple papillomas: HPV

chondroma

schwannoma, adenoma, hamartoma, hemangioma, lipoma, leiomyoma

CORE: Thoracic (11 decks)

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