airway test Flashcards
asthma s/s
- wheezing on inspiration/ expiration
- bronchospasm
asthma s/s
- flushed skin or hives (urticaria)
- generalized edema
- decreased blood pressure
- laryngeal edema with dyspnea
- wheezing or stridor
anaphylaxis s/s
- shortness of breath
- wheezing
- coughing
- fever
- dehydration
- tachypnea
- tachycardia
bronchiolitis s/s
- chronic cough (with septum)
- wheezing
- cyanosis
- tachypnea
bronchitis s/s
- dependent edema (swelling)
- crackles (pulmonary edema)
- orthopnea (painfull breathing )
- paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (shortness of breath)
congestive heart failure s/s
- cough
- runny or stuffy nose
- sore throat
common cold s/s
- fever
- barking cough
- stridor
- mostly seen in peds
croup s/s
- difficulty breathing and swallowing g
- sore throat
- think, gray buildup in throat or nose
- fever
diphtheria s/s
- barrel chest
- pursed lip breathing
- dyspnea on exertion
- cyanosis
- wheezing/ decreased breath sounds
emphysema s/s
- dyspnea
- high fever
- stridor
- drooling
- difficulty swallowing
- severe sore throat
- tripod or sniffing position
epiglottis s/s
- cough
- fever
- sore throat
- fatigue
influenza type a (flu) s/s
- coughing spells
- whooping sound
- fever
pertussis s/s
- dyspnea
- chills, fever
- cough
- green, red, or rust- color septum
- localized wheezing or crackles
pneumonia s/s
- sudden chest pain with dyspnea
- decreased breathe sounds (affected side)
- subcutaneous emphysema
pneumothorax s/s
- sharp chest pain
- sudden onset
- dyspnea
- tachycardia
- clear breath sounds initially
pulmonary embolism s/s
- severe shortness of breathe
- decreased/ altered level of consciousness
- neck vein distension
- tracheal deviation (late sign)
- hypotension: signs of shock (late sign)
tension pneumothorax s/s
- cough
- wheezing
- fever
- dehydration
Respiratory syncytial virus s/s
- cough
- fever
- fatigue
- productive/ bloody sputum
tuberculosis s/s
asthma definition
an acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages.
anaphylaxis
an extreme life threatening systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure
bronchiolitis
inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is often by the respiratory syncytial virus
bronchitis
an acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum, depending on its cause, sometimes fever
congestive heart failure
a disorder in with the heart loses part of its ability to pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a back up of fluid into the lungs
croup
an inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children
diphtheria
an infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the lungs
emphysema
a disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, it is one form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
epiglottitis
a disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction
influenza type a (flu)
a virus that has crossed the animal/ human barrier and infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level with the H1N1 strain
pertussis (whooping cough)
an airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than 6 years old, in which a patient is feverish and exhibits a whooping sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through the droplet infection. also called the whooping cough
pneumonia
an infectious disease of the lung that damages lung tissue; its cause can be bacterial, visual or fungal
pneumothorax
a partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space
pulmonary embolism
a considerable amount of lung tissue may not be functioning
tension pneumothorax
an accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space that progressively increase pressure in the chest that interferes with cardiac function
Respiratory syncytial virus
a virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passages; can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart
tuberculosis
a chronic bacteria disease, usually affects the lungs but can also affect the brain and kidneys. It is spread by cough and can usually lie dormant in a persons lung for decades then reactive.
Diffusion
a process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Red blood cells
carry hemoglobin and oxygen through the body, delivering it to the capillaries.
Carbon dioxide
moves from the blood into the air sacs by diffusion then leaves the body during exhalation.
The upper airway consists of
Nose Mouth Jaw Oral cavity Pharynx Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Larynx
lower airway: is to provide oxygen to the alveoli
Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Smaller bronchioles Mediastinum
Respiration
he actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli as well as the tissues of the body.
The phrenic nerve
a nerve that originates in the neck (C3-C5) and passes down between the lung and heart to reach the diaphragm.
A sign
is something that can be observed externally
A symptom
is something that is felt internally
START triage classifications
- Deceased/expectant (black)
- Immediate (red)
- Delayed (yellow)
- Walking wounded/minor (green)
Factors Affecting Respiration: External factors
- Elevation
- Closed environments such as mines and trenches
- Carbon monoxide and other toxic poisonous gases
Factors Affecting Respiration: internal factors
- Medical conditions such as pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and COPD
- Intrapulmonary shunting: blood entering the lungs from the right side of the heart bypasses the alveoli and returns to the left side of the heart in an unoxygenated state
- Hypoxia, hypoglycemia, and infection
See-saw respirations
Also known as paradoxical motion: associated with a fracture of several ribs causing a section of the chest to move independently from the rest of the chest wall
Ventilation rates for assisted ventilations
- Once every 5 seconds for adult
- Once every 3 seconds for child or infants
- Use of accessory muscles
- emphysema :
- Thin appearance with barrel chest
- “Puffing” (pursed lips) style of breathing
- Tripod position
- Chronic bronchitis
- May be obese
- Difficulty with expiration
COPD s/s
- Abdominal distention
- Dependent edema
- Tachycardia
- Increased respiratory rate
- Anxiety
- Inability to lie flat
- Ashen or cyanotic
- crackles
- orthopnea
- paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
CHF s/s
Tachypnea
Pulse OX less than 90%
Low blood pressure
Increased pressure inside the chest
S/s pulmonary edema
Cystic fibrosis
is a genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs, but also the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and intestine.
Side effects of beta-2 inhaler medications
Chronic Trouble Sleeping Dizzy Dry Mouth Fast Heartbeat Feel Like Throwing Up Feeling Weak Head Pain High Blood Pressure Involuntary Quivering Mouth Irritation Taste Problems Throat Dryness Throat Pain Throwing Up
- difficulty breathing
- coughing up mucus
- Poor growth
- Fatty stool
Cystic fibrosis s/s
