Airway pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What can drugs that treat asthma do?

A

→ Reverse smooth muscle contraction
→ Reduce mucus secretion
→ Reduce allergic inflammation of airways
→ Reduce sensitivity to irritating stimuli

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2
Q

What can’t drugs that treat asthma do?

A

→ Resolve causes of inflammation
→ Reverse airway remodelling
→ Repair damage to tissues

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3
Q

What are the types of beta 2 adrenergic receptors agonists?

A

→ SABA (short acting)
→ LABA (long acing)
→ Ultra LABA (ultra long acting)

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4
Q

What are the other 2 types of drugs used to treat smooth muscle contraction?

A

→ Long acting muscarinic receptor antagonists

→ Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of smooth muscle contraction?

A

→ Contractile mediators bind to Gq receptors
→ Phospholipase C is cleaved
→ DAG and IP3 are produced
→ IP3 binds to SR and causes calcium release
→ Contraction occurs

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6
Q

How does salbutamol prevent smooth muscle contraction?

A
→Salbutamol binds to a Gs beta 2 receptor 
→ Gs is stimulated 
→ cAMP increases 
→ PKA is activated 
→ PKA results in a decrease in Ca2+ 
→ Smooth muscle relaxes
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7
Q

How do corticosteroids work?

A

→ diffuses through the membrane and binds to a glucocorticoid receptor
→ Drug receptor complex moves to the nucleus
→ Binds to DNA and affects transcription
→ translates gene into protein

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8
Q

How do corticosteroids affect genes?

A

→ They increase anti inflammatory genes

→ decrease pro inflammatory genes

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9
Q

What are some considerations to take into account when using drugs?

A

→ Increased quality of life
→ Less symptoms
→ Increased life expectancy
→ Disease resolution or decrease in severity

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10
Q

What are adverse effects drugs can have?

A

→ Decreased quality of life
→ Increased risk in developing other diseases
→ cost

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11
Q

Why are drugs for asthma given as metered dose inhalers?

A

→ Helps the drug target the lungs and minimizes its effect on other tissues

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12
Q

What other receptors can salbutamol act on and where, and what side effects can occur?

A

→ Beta 1 in heart
tachycardia, palpitations

→ Beta 2 in skeletal muscle
tremors, muscle growth

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13
Q

What are the side effects of long term corticosteroid use?

A
→ Growth retardation
→ Skin ulcers
→ Candidiasis 
→ Osteoporosis 
→ Hypercortisolism 
→ Depression
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14
Q

How is asthma pharmacotherapy administered?

A

→ In a stepwise manner
→ If the disease gets worse you move them up a step to a stronger drug
→ If their condition is stable and seems to be improving you move them down a step

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15
Q

What is COPD therapy like?

A

→ Progressive

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