Airway manoeuvres and devices Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 areas make up the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx
Oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the upper respiratory tract transition into the lower?

A

At the vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the cause of death in upper airway obstruction?

A

Hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2 accessory muscles that are used in a patient suffering upper airway obstruction?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Scalene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some causes for upper airway obstruction? (there are lots)

A

Foreign body aspiration
CNS depression
Infection - laryngittis, epiglottitis, abscess,, haemorrhage, haematoma, laryngotracheobronchitis/croup
Laryngeal oedema - anaphylaxis, allergic, hereditory angioedema
PNS effects - Guillain Barre Syndrome, laryngospasm, obstructive sleep apnoea, right laryngeal nerve interruption
Neoplasm - pharyngeal, laryngeal, tracheobronchial carcinoma
Congenital - vascular rings, laryngeal web, laryngocele
Trauma
Burns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most common cause of upper respiratory obstruction in the unconscious patient?

A

Loss of muscle tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is another name for the oropharyngeal airway adjunct and when can it be used?

A

Guidel

Used in unconscious or semi conscious as powerful gag reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you measure the right size of Guidel?

A

Corner of the mouth to angle of the jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 colours of guidel and correlating sizes?

A
100mm = red
90mm = orange
80mm = green
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When is a nasopharyngeal airway adjunct preferred over an oropharyngeal?
How do you measure sizing?

A

Semi-conscious patient as can be used with in tact gag reflex
Measure sizes from tip of the nose to the tragus of the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Contraindications to using the nasopharyngeal airway adjunct?

A

When there is a basal skull fracture
Any trauma
Active nose bleeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an LMA and what are the advantages to using one over a bag valve mask?

A

Laryngeal mask airway
Sits over vocal cords
Allows free hand ventilation and less gastric distension
Accessory device for management of difficult airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you calculate the volume required to inflate and LMA mask cuff?

A

Subtract 1 from the size and multiply by 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference between the LMA and iGel?

What situation is it ideal for?

A

iGel doesnt have an inflatory cuff but instead a thermoplastic elastomer that seals around the larynx and hypopharynx at body temperature
Ideal for cardiopulmonary resuss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does the iGel accomodate for gastric contents?

A

Small hole you can feed an NG tube down to drain gastric contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contraindications to using LMAs?

A

GORD, not fasted, obese, pregnancy, lesions of oropharynx, decreased lung compliance,

17
Q

What sizes do iGel come in?

A

1-5

18
Q

How should the iGel be sitting once it is in position?

A

In the upper oesophageal opening and cuff located against the laryngeal framework in the hypopharynx
Incisors resting on the integral bite block

19
Q

What is an endotracheal tube?

A

Advanced airway protection that provides greater airway protection than the LMA or iGel

20
Q

Why is the endotracheal tube considered the only safe form of intubation?

A

It bypasses the nose, larynx and pharynx to sit in the trachea just above the carina
completely protects against gastric content aspiration unlike LMA and iGel
No gastric aspiration, inflation, ensures patent airway

21
Q

How do you know if you have accidentally caused oesophageal intubation with the endotracheal tube?

A

No capnography after a couple of breaths
Large air leak following cuff inflation
Hypoxia

22
Q

How can you tell if you have performed endobronchial intubation accidentally with the ET tube? What damage can occur?

A

Tube inserted past carina into a main bronchus
Hypoxia, bronchospasm, high airway inflation pressure
Damage to single lung as pressures are too high

23
Q

How is impaction combatted in ET tubes?

A

Murphy’s eye present on the tube allows air to escape even if impaction occurs
Impaction is when the tip of the tube abuts against the tracheal wall

24
Q

What are 5 complications that can occur due to ET tubes?

A

Oesophageal intubation, endobronchial intubation, impaction, herniation, stretching of the tracheal wall

25
Q

What is a bougie and what is it used for? What can you feel as you insert the bougie?

A

It is a long thin device used for difficult intubation
It is inserted so the ET tube can be fed over it
Acts as an introducer
Can feel tracheal clicks followed by a “hold up” sign

26
Q

What things can Magills forceps be used for?

A

Guide NG tube down, guide tracheal tube through vocal cords, remove foreign bodies

27
Q

What can suction equipment be used to remove?

A

Blood or secretions from pharynx

Stomach content via NG tube or orogastric tube