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NREMT Study Guide > Airway Management, Ventilation, Respiratory > Flashcards

Airway Management, Ventilation, Respiratory Flashcards

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1
Q

Ends at the vocal chords?

A

Upper Airway

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2
Q

Base of tongue; blind passage; Macintosh blade

A

Vallecula

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3
Q

Epiglottis and glottic opening are at the?

A

Vocal chords

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4
Q

Vagal; split in the bronchus

A

Carina

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5
Q

Functional units where gases are exchanged

A

Alveoli

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6
Q

An area of great to an area of lesser ( particles )

A

Diffusion

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7
Q

Receptors sense increase in CO2 (hypercarbia) and PH in the blood and CSF and signal breathing

A

Brain stem

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8
Q

Amount of air breathed in or out in one breath; 500-600mL

A

Tidal Volume

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9
Q

Amount of air in or out in one minute ; MV = TVxRR

A

Minute volume

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10
Q

Low oxygen in the blood

A

Hypoxemia

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11
Q

Increased carbon dioxide in blood

A

Hypercarbia

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12
Q

Rise and fall of chest during breathing

A

Chest wall excursion

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13
Q

Equal movement

A

Symmetry

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14
Q

The shrinking of a a cell due to osmosis

A

Crenation

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15
Q

The breaking of a Cell

A

Hemolysis

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16
Q

Purple color on the color metric device indicates what?

A

That the ET tube is improperly placed in the esophagus ect.

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17
Q

A Juxtacapillary or J- receptor sense what in the lungs?

A

Increase in pressure

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18
Q

A Pt with worsening pericardial tamponade would show what on the monitor?

A

Diminishing level of end tidal CO2

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19
Q

The majority of CO2 transported in the blood is carried as what?

A

60% of CO2 is carried as Bicarbonate

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20
Q

ETCO2 is determined at the end of what phase?

A

Phase 3 - plateau

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21
Q

A pt that goes into respiratory failure will most likely have breathing?

A

Shallow inhalation

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22
Q

Ongoing detection of CO2 and hydrogen levels in the blood stream to aid negative feedback control of breathing is closely monitored by what structure?

A

Central Chemoreceptors

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23
Q

When the alveolar plateau increases, it is usually because the capno machine is picking up what?

A

More exhaled carbon dioxide

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24
Q

The ventral respiratory group is responsible for

A

Accessory muscle activation

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25
Q

The four main centers for respiratory control are

A

Dorsal respiratory group

Ventral respiratory group

Pneumotaxic center

Apneustic center

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26
Q

What should be suspected when the alveolar plateau appears reversed in waveform capnography?

A

Emphysema

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27
Q

The heart fills up during?

A

Diastole

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28
Q

Bronchitis, bronchiolitis, asthma, emphysema & allergic reaction all have what type of lung sounds?

A

Wheezing

29
Q

CHF, pulmonary edema, cardio genic shock L sided H/F all have what type of lung sounds?

A

Crackles/ Rales

30
Q

Chronic bronchitis , pneumonia have what type of lung sound?

A

Rhonchi

31
Q

How is Mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) approximated?

A

Diastolic BP + 1/3 of the pulse pressure

32
Q

Pain that commonly originates in the body’s organs often described generally as dull, heavy, oppressive or as pressure or ache.

A

Visceral pain

33
Q

Phenytoin is used for what type of medical condition?

A

Seizures

34
Q

A beta blocker often used for hypertension

A

Esmolol

35
Q

Pt’s with A-Fib at risk for thrombus formation are usually prescribed

A

Anticoagulant such as Coumadin

36
Q

Epinephrine/ Adrenaline

A

Asthma, allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, asystole, PEA, v-fib or pulse less v-tach

  • 1:1,000 SQ/IM for asthma or allergic reaction 0.3-0.5 mg (or ML)
  • 1:10,000 IV for anaphylaxis w hypotension 0.3-0.5
    mg or 3-5 ML
  • 1:10,000 IV for asystole 1 mg q 3-5 min
  • Alpha and Beta stimulator ; bronchodilator
  • may be given down ET tube (2-2.5 mg diluted)
  • positive inotropic and chronotropic
  • may cause hypertension, tachycardia, Myocardial ischemia, dilated pupils, palpations
  • pediatric dose for Epi is 0.01 mg/kg initially
37
Q

Sensory nerves ASCENDING body to brain

A

Afferent

38
Q

Motor DESCENDING brain to body

A

Efferent

39
Q

What are the two most often injured vertebrae sections in the spinal column?

A

Cervical and lumbar

40
Q

Below the dura mater but above the PIA mater, takes days to weeks before it presents with symptoms

A

Subdural hematoma

41
Q

Above the dura (between dura and skull) arterial bleed; middle meningeal artery; unconscious then conscious then unconscious (lucid interval) within hours.

A

Epidural hematoma

42
Q

Signs of Herniation

A

GCS drops and unequal pupils, decerebrate posturing, GCS drops by 2 points

43
Q

Osmotic diuretic drug used to reduce increased ICP, temporary measure

A

Mannitol

44
Q

Most important aspect of neurological exam is?

A

How the LOC is changing

45
Q

Lining of the abdominal cavity

A

Peritoneum

46
Q

Connects bone to muscle

A

Tendons

47
Q

Connects bone to bone

A

Ligaments

48
Q

Facial bones around nose broken is what type of fracture?

A

Le Fort

49
Q

Too and bottom of bone driven into each other is what type of fracture

A

Impacted

50
Q

Injury to ligaments

A

Sprain

51
Q

Injury to muscle

A

Strain

52
Q

Fractures and dislocations S&S

The six p’s

A 
1 - pain
2 - pallor 
3 - paresthesia 
4 - paralysis 
5 - pressure 
6 - pulse
53
Q

Treatment of fractures and dislocations are

A

Ice, splint and elevate

54
Q

Most commonly fractured bone is

A

Clavicle

55
Q

Complications of fractures and dislocations

A

Nerve and vascular , vascular is the worst complication

56
Q

Increased swelling swelling causes compression of blood flow and damages nerves is what?

A

Compartment syndrome

57
Q

A common side effect of ACE inhibitors is

A

A persistent and irritating cough

58
Q

An unexpected and usually individual reaction to a drug is called

A

Idiosyncrasy

59
Q

Pressure waves damage hollow/ air filled organs , causes barotrauma

A

Primary phase

60
Q

Struck by flying debris

A

Secondary phase

61
Q

Victims are thrown and impact other objects / ground

A

Tertiary phase

62
Q

Injuries indirectly caused by the explosion

A

Quaternary phase

63
Q

Parkland burn formula

A

4mL x weight x BSA% burned over 24 hrs ; half of volume in first 8 hrs

64
Q

Grey Matter, personality, intelligence, judgement, occipital area-sight is what part of the brain?

A

Cerebrum

65
Q

Balance, coordination and muscle tone is controlled by what part of the brain?

A

Cerebellum

66
Q

Mid brain, Pons and Medulla

• B/P & HR
• breathing & consciousness
Controlled by what part of the brain?

A

Brain stem

67
Q

Temperature regulation, Production of hormones is what part of the brain?

A

Hypothalamus

68
Q

Kidney injury

A

Retro peritoneal

69
Q

Pain type that commonly originates in the body’s organs. Often pain is described as generally dull,heavy and oppressive

A

Visceral pain

NREMT Study Guide (1 decks)

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