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Sam: Emergency Medicine > Airway Management - CA > Flashcards

Airway Management - CA Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

Nose, mouth, pharynx, and larynx

A

Upper airway

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2
Q

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, and alveoli make up?

A

Lower airway

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3
Q

This anatomical structure in the normal adult is at the level of the fifth cervical vertebra?

A

Glottis

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4
Q

What is usually the main cause of airway obstruction?

A

Tongue

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5
Q

What maneuver will typically relieve a tongue obstruction?

A

Chin lift/jaw thrust

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6
Q

What do you do if a chin lift or jaw thrust will not relieve the airway obstruction?

A

Move to an oral or nasal airway

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7
Q

True or false

We should use oral airways for patients with active gag reflexes

A

False

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8
Q

What are two insertion techniques for inserting an oral airway?

A
  1. Tongue depressor

2. Insert and rotate

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9
Q

These type of airways are less stimulating and often better tolerated than oral

A

Nasal airways

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10
Q

What is considered to be “crucial” when using nasal airways?

A

Depth of insertion

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11
Q

What is the number one complication of nasal airways?

A

Hemorrhage

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12
Q

What are some advantages to using a laryngeal mask airway?

A
  1. They can be used whenever a face mask can be used.
  2. Allows one handed ventilation
  3. If properly inserted it can form a seal around the larynx
  4. Less stimulating than endotracheal intubation
  5. Can manage a difficult airway
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13
Q

Suspected gastric contents, gross obesity, pregnancy, acute abdomen, thoracic injury, heavy opiate intoxication, hiatal hernia, and low pulmonary compliance are all contraindications for what type of airway?

A

Laryngeal mask airway

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14
Q

When using a laryngeal mask airway, ventilatory pressure should not exceed 20 mm because?

A

Increased risk of aspiration

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15
Q

Laryngoscopes are always held in the right or left hand?

A

Left

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16
Q

What is another name for a curved blade?

A

MacIntosh

17
Q

What is another name for a straight blade?

A

Miller, WisHipple

18
Q

What is the typical size of an endotracheal tube for females?

A

7.0-7.5

19
Q

What is the typical size of an endotracheal tube for males?

A

7.5-9.0

20
Q

The cuff pressure in an endotracheal tube should not exceed ______ torr (capillary pressure)

A

25

21
Q

What is the initial step in ensuring successful intubation (especially in obese or pregnant patient)?

A

Positioning the patient

22
Q

The _________ position enables to align the axes of the patient’s mouth, pharynx, and larynx permitting direct visualization of the larynx during Layngoscopy

A

Sniffing

23
Q

What is something you should always have at hand when intubating?

A

Suction

24
Q

What is the name of the maneuver where you use your index finger to pull the right incisors toward the operator?

A

Scissor maneuver

25
Q

Tip of blade rests in the valecula and the epiglotis is lifted indirectly and incompletely – does this describe a curved or straight blade?

A

Curved

26
Q

Tip of the blade is inserted beneath the epiglotis and lifts it directly and more completely – does this describe a curved or straight bladeE?

A

Straight

27
Q

What is the advantage of a curved blade compared to a straight blade?

A

Easier, better tongue displacement

28
Q

What is the advantage of a straight blade?

A

Enhanced visualization

29
Q

What is the name of the classification used to view the larynx?

A

Cormack and Lehane

30
Q

Cormack and Lehane Grade 1

A

Full view of the glottis

31
Q

Cormack and Lehane Grade 2

A

Only the posterior commissure is visible

32
Q

Cormack and Lehane Grade 3

A

Only the epiglottis is seen

33
Q

Cormack and Lehane Grade 4

A

No epiglottis or glottis structure visible

34
Q

What are some common mistakes people make when using an ETT?

A

Inserting the blade too far

Pulling the Lever

Inserting the ETT too far

35
Q

How do we objectively k now that we have correct placement of an ETT?

A

Continued presence of ETCO2 (six breaths) and interpreted CXR

36
Q

Normal adults should be able to open their mouth a minimum of _____ to _____ centimeters

A

4 to 6 (3 fingers)

37
Q

What are some predictors of difficult intubation?

A

Distorted neck mobility, protruding upper incisors, permanent dentures or caps, missing or mal-aligned teeth, macroglossia or glossal edema, morbid obesity

Sam: Emergency Medicine (12 decks)

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