Airway Management

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

Oxygen moves from the atmosphere into the lungs, then crosses the alveolar membrane onto the hemoglobin. Molecules move from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration.

Question 2

Anatomy of the upper airway

7 parts

Answer 2

Nasopharynx
Nasal air passage
Pharynx
Oropharynx
Mouth 
Epiglottis
Larynx

Question 3

Anatomy of the lower airway

3 parts

Answer 3

Trachea
Bronchioles
Main bronchus

Question 4

Function of the upper airway

Answer 4

Warm,filter, and humidify air as it enters the body through the nose and mouth

Question 5

Pharynx

Answer 5

Muscular tube that extends from the nose an mouth to the level of the esophagus and trachea.

Question 6

Parts of the pharynx

Answer 6

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 7

Parts of the laryngopharynx

Answer 7

Anterior= larynx

Posterior= esophagus

Question 8

Occiput

Answer 8

Posterior portion of the cranium

Question 9

Narrowest portion of the airway in children under 8 years old

Answer 9

The cricoid ring

Question 10

Children rely heavily on their_________ for breathing.

Answer 10

Diaphram

Question 11

Infants and children are commonly referred to as “_______________breathers.”

Answer 11

Belly

Question 12

The ____________ marks where the upper airway ends and the lower airway begins.

Answer 12

Larynx

Question 13

This is a shield shaped structure that join in a “V” shape to form the adam’s apple.

Answer 13

Thyroid cartilage.

Question 14

The first ring of the trachea and lowest portion of the larynx.

Answer 14

Cricoid cartilage

Question 15

The narrowest portion of the adult airway

Answer 15

The glottis (glottic opening)

Question 16

Function of the lower airway

Answer 16

Deliver oxygen to the alveoli.

Question 17

The narrow, cartilaginous, lower tip of the sternum.

Answer 17

Xiphoid process

Question 18

Thin slippery outer membrane of the lungs

Answer 18

Visceral pleura

Question 19

The _______ _______ lines the inside of the thoracic cavity.

Answer 19

Parietal pleura

Question 20

This space in the thoracic cavity contains the heart, the great vessels, the esophagus, the trachea, and the major bronchi.

Answer 20

Mediastinum

Question 21

The _____ and _____ systems work together to facilitate oxygen delivery to the tissues of the body.

Answer 21

Respiratory and circulatory systems

Question 22

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs.

Answer 22

Ventilation

Question 23

The process of loading oxygen molecules onto the hemoglobin molecules in the blood stream.

Answer 23

Oxygenation

Question 24

The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli as well as the tissues of the body

Answer 24

Respiration

Question 25

The active muscular part of breathing is called________.

Answer 25

Inhalation

Question 26

The amount of air ( in mL) that is moved in or out of the lungs during one breath.

Answer 26

Tidal volume

Question 27

The air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration.

Answer 27

Residual volume

Question 28

The volume of air that reaches the alveoli; calculated by subtracting the amount of dead space air from the tidal volume.

Answer 28

Alveolar ventilation

Question 29

The volume of air | Moved through the lungs in minute; calculated by multiplying tidal volume and respiratory rate

Answer 29

Minute volume

Question 30

The volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute minus the dead space.

Answer 30

Alveolar minute volume

Question 31

The amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs after breathing in as deeply as possible.

Answer 31

Vital capacity

Question 32

The portion of tidal volume that does not reach the alveoli and this does not participate in gas exchange

Answer 32

Dead space

Question 33

A dangerous condition in which the tissues and cells do not get enough oxygen.

Answer 33

Hypoxia

Question 34

The body uses a “back up” system to control breathing called_____ ______.

Answer 34

Hypoxic drive

Question 35

COPD

Answer 35

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 36

What are the late signs of hypoxia?

Answer 36

Altered mental status Weak thready pulse Cyanosis.

Question 37

Dyspnea

Answer 37

Shortness of breath

Question 38

Carbon monoxide has _____ times more affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen.

Answer 38

250

Question 39

The process of breathing fresh air in to the respiratory system and exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.

Answer 39

External respiration

Question 40

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the systemic circulatory system and the cells of the body.

Answer 40

Internal respiration

Question 41

With oxygen, cells convert glucose into energy. This is called ________ metabolism.

Answer 41

Aerobic metabolism

Question 42

Without adequate oxygen, cells do not completely convert glucose and leave behind toxins and lactic acid. This is called ________ metabolism.

Answer 42

Anaerobic metabolism

Question 43

Hypercarbia

Answer 43

Increase in carbon dioxide in the blood stream

Question 44

Intrapulmonary shunting

Answer 44

Nonfunctional alveoli causes blood to enter the left side of the heart in an un oxygenated state.

Question 45

Normal breathing rate in adults

Answer 45

12 to 20 breaths per minute

Question 46

Normal breathing rate in children

Answer 46

15 to 30 breaths per minute

Question 47

Normal breathing rate in infants

Answer 47

25 to 50 breaths per minute