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EMT Unit 1 > Airway Management > Flashcards

Airway Management Flashcards

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1
Q

Diffusion

A

Oxygen moves from the atmosphere into the lungs, then crosses the alveolar membrane onto the hemoglobin. Molecules move from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration.

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2
Q

Anatomy of the upper airway

7 parts

A 
Nasopharynx
Nasal air passage
Pharynx
Oropharynx
Mouth 
Epiglottis
Larynx
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3
Q

Anatomy of the lower airway

3 parts

A

Trachea
Bronchioles
Main bronchus

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4
Q

Function of the upper airway

A

Warm,filter, and humidify air as it enters the body through the nose and mouth

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5
Q

Pharynx

A

Muscular tube that extends from the nose an mouth to the level of the esophagus and trachea.

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6
Q

Parts of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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7
Q

Parts of the laryngopharynx

A

Anterior= larynx

Posterior= esophagus

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8
Q

Occiput

A

Posterior portion of the cranium

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9
Q

Narrowest portion of the airway in children under 8 years old

A

The cricoid ring

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10
Q

Children rely heavily on their_________ for breathing.

A

Diaphram

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11
Q

Infants and children are commonly referred to as “_______________breathers.”

A

Belly

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12
Q

The ____________ marks where the upper airway ends and the lower airway begins.

A

Larynx

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13
Q

This is a shield shaped structure that join in a “V” shape to form the adam’s apple.

A

Thyroid cartilage.

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14
Q

The first ring of the trachea and lowest portion of the larynx.

A

Cricoid cartilage

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15
Q

The narrowest portion of the adult airway

A

The glottis (glottic opening)

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16
Q

Function of the lower airway

A

Deliver oxygen to the alveoli.

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17
Q

The narrow, cartilaginous, lower tip of the sternum.

A

Xiphoid process

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18
Q

Thin slippery outer membrane of the lungs

A

Visceral pleura

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19
Q

The _______ _______ lines the inside of the thoracic cavity.

A

Parietal pleura

20
Q

This space in the thoracic cavity contains the heart, the great vessels, the esophagus, the trachea, and the major bronchi.

A

Mediastinum

21
Q

The _____ and _____ systems work together to facilitate oxygen delivery to the tissues of the body.

A

Respiratory and circulatory systems

22
Q

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs.

A

Ventilation

23
Q

The process of loading oxygen molecules onto the hemoglobin molecules in the blood stream.

A

Oxygenation

24
Q

The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli as well as the tissues of the body

A

Respiration

25
Q

The active muscular part of breathing is called________.

A

Inhalation

26
Q

The amount of air ( in mL) that is moved in or out of the lungs during one breath.

A

Tidal volume

27
Q

The air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration.

A

Residual volume

28
Q

The volume of air that reaches the alveoli; calculated by subtracting the amount of dead space air from the tidal volume.

A

Alveolar ventilation

29
Q

The volume of air

Moved through the lungs in minute; calculated by multiplying tidal volume and respiratory rate

A

Minute volume

30
Q

The volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute minus the dead space.

A

Alveolar minute volume

31
Q

The amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs after breathing in as deeply as possible.

A

Vital capacity

32
Q

The portion of tidal volume that does not reach the alveoli and this does not participate in gas exchange

A

Dead space

33
Q

A dangerous condition in which the tissues and cells do not get enough oxygen.

A

Hypoxia

34
Q

The body uses a “back up” system to control breathing called_____ ______.

A

Hypoxic drive

35
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

36
Q

What are the late signs of hypoxia?

A

Altered mental status
Weak thready pulse
Cyanosis.

37
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

38
Q

Carbon monoxide has _____ times more affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen.

A

250

39
Q

The process of breathing fresh air in to the respiratory system and exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.

A

External respiration

40
Q

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the systemic circulatory system and the cells of the body.

A

Internal respiration

41
Q

With oxygen, cells convert glucose into energy. This is called ________ metabolism.

A

Aerobic metabolism

42
Q

Without adequate oxygen, cells do not completely convert glucose and leave behind toxins and lactic acid. This is called ________ metabolism.

A

Anaerobic metabolism

43
Q

Hypercarbia

A

Increase in carbon dioxide in the blood stream

44
Q

Intrapulmonary shunting

A

Nonfunctional alveoli causes blood to enter the left side of the heart in an un oxygenated state.

45
Q

Normal breathing rate in adults

A

12 to 20 breaths per minute

46
Q

Normal breathing rate in children

A

15 to 30 breaths per minute

47
Q

Normal breathing rate in infants

A

25 to 50 breaths per minute

EMT Unit 1 (3 decks)

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