Airway Management Flashcards
Diffusion
Oxygen moves from the atmosphere into the lungs, then crosses the alveolar membrane onto the hemoglobin. Molecules move from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration.
Anatomy of the upper airway
7 parts
Nasopharynx Nasal air passage Pharynx Oropharynx Mouth Epiglottis Larynx
Anatomy of the lower airway
3 parts
Trachea
Bronchioles
Main bronchus
Function of the upper airway
Warm,filter, and humidify air as it enters the body through the nose and mouth
Pharynx
Muscular tube that extends from the nose an mouth to the level of the esophagus and trachea.
Parts of the pharynx
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Parts of the laryngopharynx
Anterior= larynx
Posterior= esophagus
Occiput
Posterior portion of the cranium
Narrowest portion of the airway in children under 8 years old
The cricoid ring
Children rely heavily on their_________ for breathing.
Diaphram
Infants and children are commonly referred to as “_______________breathers.”
Belly
The ____________ marks where the upper airway ends and the lower airway begins.
Larynx
This is a shield shaped structure that join in a “V” shape to form the adam’s apple.
Thyroid cartilage.
The first ring of the trachea and lowest portion of the larynx.
Cricoid cartilage
The narrowest portion of the adult airway
The glottis (glottic opening)
Function of the lower airway
Deliver oxygen to the alveoli.
The narrow, cartilaginous, lower tip of the sternum.
Xiphoid process
Thin slippery outer membrane of the lungs
Visceral pleura
The _______ _______ lines the inside of the thoracic cavity.
Parietal pleura
This space in the thoracic cavity contains the heart, the great vessels, the esophagus, the trachea, and the major bronchi.
Mediastinum
The _____ and _____ systems work together to facilitate oxygen delivery to the tissues of the body.
Respiratory and circulatory systems
The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs.
Ventilation
The process of loading oxygen molecules onto the hemoglobin molecules in the blood stream.
Oxygenation
The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli as well as the tissues of the body
Respiration
The active muscular part of breathing is called________.
Inhalation
The amount of air ( in mL) that is moved in or out of the lungs during one breath.
Tidal volume
The air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration.
Residual volume
The volume of air that reaches the alveoli; calculated by subtracting the amount of dead space air from the tidal volume.
Alveolar ventilation
The volume of air
Moved through the lungs in minute; calculated by multiplying tidal volume and respiratory rate
Minute volume
The volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute minus the dead space.
Alveolar minute volume
The amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs after breathing in as deeply as possible.
Vital capacity
The portion of tidal volume that does not reach the alveoli and this does not participate in gas exchange
Dead space
A dangerous condition in which the tissues and cells do not get enough oxygen.
Hypoxia
The body uses a “back up” system to control breathing called_____ ______.
Hypoxic drive
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
What are the late signs of hypoxia?
Altered mental status
Weak thready pulse
Cyanosis.
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath
Carbon monoxide has _____ times more affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen.
250
The process of breathing fresh air in to the respiratory system and exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
External respiration
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the systemic circulatory system and the cells of the body.
Internal respiration
With oxygen, cells convert glucose into energy. This is called ________ metabolism.
Aerobic metabolism
Without adequate oxygen, cells do not completely convert glucose and leave behind toxins and lactic acid. This is called ________ metabolism.
Anaerobic metabolism
Hypercarbia
Increase in carbon dioxide in the blood stream
Intrapulmonary shunting
Nonfunctional alveoli causes blood to enter the left side of the heart in an un oxygenated state.
Normal breathing rate in adults
12 to 20 breaths per minute
Normal breathing rate in children
15 to 30 breaths per minute
Normal breathing rate in infants
25 to 50 breaths per minute
