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(Steele) Physical & Health Assessment (Spring 2025) > Airway (Exam II) > Flashcards

Airway (Exam II) Flashcards

1
Q

How many turbinates are there?
What is another name for turbinates?

A

Three (also known as meatus)
- Inferior
- Middle
- Superior

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2
Q

3 parts of the internal nasal cavity

A

Divided by septum
Cribiform plate
Turbinates

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3
Q

Which turbinate does the endotracheal tube pass through during a nasal intubation?

A
  • Inferior turbinate
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4
Q

What is necessary for bleeding reduction during nasal intubation?

A
  • Vasoconstrictors (ex. oxymetazoline)
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5
Q

What area is considered the pharynx?

A
  • Base of skull to lower border of cricoid cartilage.
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6
Q

What area is indicated by 1 on the figure below?

A

Nasopharynx

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7
Q

What area is indicated by 2 on the figure below?

A

Oropharynx

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8
Q

What area is indicated by 3 on the figure below?

A

Hypopharynx

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9
Q

What structure divides the oropharynx and the hypopharynx?

A
  • Epiglottis
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10
Q

Loss of pharyngeal muscle tone results in _________ _________.

A

Airway obstruction

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11
Q

Fill in the structures that compose the picture of the larynx below.

A
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12
Q

What structure is indicated by 1 on the figure below?

A
  • Median glossoepiglottic fold
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13
Q

What structure is indicated by 2 on the figure below?

A
  • Lateral glossoepiglottic fold
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14
Q

What structure is indicated by 3 on the figure below?

A
  • Aryepiglottic fold
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15
Q

What structure is indicated by 4 on the figure below?

A
  • Ventricular fold
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16
Q

What structure is indicated by 5 on the figure below?

A
  • Vocal fold
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17
Q

What structure is indicated by 6 on the figure below?

A
  • Trachea
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18
Q

What structure is indicated by 7 on the figure below?

A
  • Corniculate Cartilage
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19
Q

What structure is indicated by 8 on the figure below?

A
  • Cuneiform Cartilage
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20
Q

What structure is indicated by 9 on the figure below?

A
  • Piriform Recess
21
Q

What structure is indicated by 10 on the figure below?

A
  • Tubercle of Epiglottis
22
Q

What structure is indicated by 11 on the figure below?

A
  • Epiglottis
23
Q

What structure is indicated by 12 on the figure below?

24
Q

What vertebrae corresponds with the very bottom of the larynx?

A
  • 6th vertebrae
25
What is the purpose of the larynx?
- Inlet to trachea - Phonation - Airway protection
26
Which laryngeal cartilages are unpaired?
- Thyroid (largest, supports soft tissue) - Cricoid - Epiglottis
27
Which laryngeal cartilages are paired?
- Arytenoid - Corniculate - Cuneiform
28
What do the vocal cords attach to?
- Arytenoid muscles & cartilage - Thyroid at thyroid notch
29
How far does the trachea span? What supports it anteriorly and posteriorly?
- From the inferior cricoid membrane to the carina (10 - 15 cm). - Posterior: longitudinal trachealis muscle - Anterior: Tracheal rings (bougie intubation)
30
Is airway history or assessment more valuable?
- Airway history
31
What portions of patient history can be a cause for airway concern? Which is most important?
- **Past difficult airway** - Report of sore throat - Report of cut lip or broken tooth - Recent hoarseness - Hx of OSA
32
What is a better indication of airway difficulty than BMI?
- Thick neck greater than 43cm
33
What factors that are assessed visually would give one concern for a potentially difficult airway? (8)
- Facial deformities - Head & neck cancers - Burns - Goiter - Short/Thick neck - Receding mandible - Large beard - C-collar
34
What inter-incisor distance is best?
- >6cm (3 finger breadths)
35
What is the sniffing position? Why does it make intubation easier?
- Cervical flexion and antlanto-occipital extension - Aligns oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal axes.
36
What technique is depicted below? Why is it used?
- Ramping: used for positioning larger patients.
37
What is the sternomental distance? What is an indicator of a potentially difficult airway?
- Distance between sternal notch and chin with head fully extended and mouth closed. - Less than <12.5 cm
38
What is thyromental distance measuring? What would be preferred?
- Submandibular compliance (tip of chin to thyroid notch) - >6.5cm preferred
39
How is prognathic ability measured?
- Upper lip bite test (assesses how much lower incisors can extend beyond upper incisors)
40
What structures should be visible in a Mallampati class I?
- Fauces - Tonsillar pillars - Entire uvula - Soft palate
41
What should be visible in a Mallampati class II?
- Fauces, portion of uvula, and soft palate
42
What should be visible in a Mallampati class III?
- Base of uvula and soft palate
43
What should be visible in a Mallampati class IV?
- Only the hard palate
44
What is BURP?
- Backward, Upward, and Rightward pressure to facilitate intubation.
45
What is Optimal External Laryngeal Manipulation (OELM) ?
- Moving someone else's hand over external neck until a proper view is seen.
46
What Cormack-Lehane view is depicted below? What is visible with this view?
- CL - 1 - Entire glottis is visible
47
What Cormack-Lehane view is depicted below? What is visible with this view?
- CL - 2 - Posterior of glottis is visible
48
What Cormack-Lehane view is depicted below? What is visible with this view?
- CL - 3 - Only the epiglottis is visible
49
What Cormack-Lehane view is depicted below? What is visible with this view?
- CL - 4 - Epiglottis can't be visualized.

(Steele) Physical & Health Assessment (Spring 2025) (25 decks)

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