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Physical & Health Assessment (Spring 2023) > Airway (Exam II) > Flashcards

Airway (Exam II) Flashcards

1
Q

How many turbinates are there?
What is another name for turbinates?

A

Three (also known as meatus)
- Inferior
- Middle
- Superior

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2
Q

Which turbinate does the endotracheal tube pass through during a nasal intubation?

A
  • Inferior turbinate
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3
Q

What is necessary for bleeding reduction during nasal intubation?

A
  • Vasoconstrictors (ex. oxymetazoline)
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4
Q

What area is considered the pharynx?

A
  • Base of skull to lower border of cricoid cartilage.
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5
Q

What area is indicated by 1 on the figure below?

A

Nasopharynx

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6
Q

What area is indicated by 2 on the figure below?

A

Oropharynx

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7
Q

What area is indicated by 3 on the figure below?

A

Hypopharynx

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8
Q

What structure divides the oropharynx and the hypopharynx?

A
  • Epiglottis
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9
Q

Loss of pharyngeal muscle tone results in _________ _________.

A

Airway obstruction

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10
Q

Fill in the structures that compose the picture of the larynx below.

A
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11
Q

What structure is indicated by 1 on the figure below?

A
  • Median glossoepiglottic fold
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12
Q

What structure is indicated by 2 on the figure below?

A
  • Lateral glossoepiglottic fold
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13
Q

What structure is indicated by 3 on the figure below?

A
  • Aryepiglottic fold
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14
Q

What structure is indicated by 4 on the figure below?

A
  • Ventricular fold
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15
Q

What structure is indicated by 5 on the figure below?

A
  • Vocal fold
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16
Q

What structure is indicated by 6 on the figure below?

A
  • Trachea
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17
Q

What structure is indicated by 7 on the figure below?

A
  • Corniculate Cartilage
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18
Q

What structure is indicated by 8 on the figure below?

A
  • Cuneiform Cartilage
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19
Q

What structure is indicated by 9 on the figure below?

A
  • Piriform Recess
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20
Q

What structure is indicated by 10 on the figure below?

A
  • Tubercle of Epiglottis
21
Q

What structure is indicated by 11 on the figure below?

A
  • Epiglottis
22
Q

What structure is indicated by 12 on the figure below?

A
  • Vallecula
23
Q

What vertebrae corresponds with the very bottom of the larynx?

A
  • 6th vertebrae
24
Q

What is the purpose of the larynx?

A
  • Inlet to trachea
  • Phonation
  • Airway protection
25
Q

Which laryngeal cartilages are unpaired?

A
  • Thyroid (largest, supports soft tissue)
  • Cricoid
  • Epiglottis
26
Q

Which laryngeal cartilages are paired?

A
  • Arytenoid
  • Corniculate
  • Cuneiform
27
Q

What do the vocal cords attach to?

A
  • Arytenoid muscles & cartilage
  • Thyroid at thyroid notch
28
Q

How far does the trachea span?
What supports it anteriorly and posteriorly?

A
  • From the inferior cricoid membrane to the carina (10 - 15 cm).
  • Posterior: longitudinal trachealis muscle
  • Anterior: Tracheal rings (bougie intubation)
29
Q

Is airway history or assessment more valuable?

A
  • Airway history
30
Q

What portions of patient history can be a cause for airway concern? Which is most important?

A
  • Past difficult airway
  • Report of sore throat
  • Report of cut lip or broken tooth
  • Recent hoarseness
  • Hx of OSA
31
Q

What is a better indication of airway difficulty than BMI?

A
  • Thick neck greater than 43cm
32
Q

What factors that are assessed visually would give one concern for a potentially difficult airway?

A
  • Facial deformities
  • Head & neck cancers
  • Burns
  • Goiter
  • Short/Thick neck
  • Receding mandible
  • Large beard
  • C-collar
33
Q

What inter-incisor distance is best?

A
  • > 6cm (3 finger breadths)
34
Q

What is the sniffing position?
Why does it make intubation easier?

A
  • Cervical flexion and antlanto-occipital extension
  • Aligns oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal axes.
35
Q

What technique is depicted below?
Why is it used?

A
  • Ramping: used for positioning larger patients.
36
Q

What is the sternomental distance?
What is an indicator of a potentially difficult airway?

A
  • Distance between sternal notch and chin with head fully extended and mouth closed.
  • Less than <12.5 cm
37
Q

What is thyromental distance measuring?
What would be preferred?

A
  • Submandibular compliance (tip of chin to thyroid notch)
  • > 6.5cm preferred
38
Q

How is prognathic ability measured?

A
  • Upper lip bite test (assesses how much lower incisors can extend beyond upper incisors)
39
Q

What structures should be visible in a Mallampati class I?

A
  • Fauces
  • Tonsillar pillars
  • Entire uvula
  • Soft palate
40
Q

What should be visible in a Mallampati class II?

A
  • Fauces, portion of uvula, and soft palate
41
Q

What should be visible in a Mallampati class III?

A
  • Base of uvula and soft palate
42
Q

What should be visible in a Mallampati class IV?

A
  • Only the hard palate
43
Q

What is BURP?

A
  • Backward, Upward, and Rightward pressure to facilitate intubation.
44
Q

What is Optimal External Laryngeal Manipulation (OELM) ?

A
  • Moving someone else’s hand over external neck until a proper view is seen.
45
Q

What Cormack-Lehane view is depicted below? What is visible with this view?

A
  • CL - 1
  • Entire glottis is visible
46
Q

What Cormack-Lehane view is depicted below? What is visible with this view?

A
  • CL - 2
  • Posterior of glottis is visible
47
Q

What Cormack-Lehane view is depicted below? What is visible with this view?

A
  • CL - 3
  • Only the epiglottis is visible
48
Q

What Cormack-Lehane view is depicted below? What is visible with this view?

A
  • CL - 4
  • Epiglottis can’t be visualized.

Physical & Health Assessment (Spring 2023) (24 decks)

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