Airway Disorders Flashcards
What key finding helps differentiate asthma from COPD?
Decreases to FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC will be entirely reversible (or almost reversible) in asthma patients; PFT results are not reversible and are progressive
PFTs in COPD: ↑ or ↓? FEV1/FVC, FEV1, FVC, RV, TLC.
↓, ↓, ↓, ↑, ↑
2 Types of COPD:
Chronic Bronchitis & Emphysema
Diagnostic criteria for Chronic Bronchitis:
Excessive bronchial mucus which manifests as cough for at least 3 months of the year for at least 2 consecutive years
Diagnostic Criteria for Emphysema:
Permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole w/ destruction of their walls and no obvious fibrosis
Risk factors for COPD (3):
Smoking, environmental exposure, genetics (deficiency of alpha-1-antiprotease
Major ways (2) in which alpha-1-antiprotease deficiency is distinguished from other causes of COPD:
Family history, early onset in 30’s or 40’s
Age demographic that tends to be diagnosed with CF:
Children & adolescents
How is bronchiectasis differentiated from COPD?
Bronchiectasis is associated with hemoptysis and clubbing
Which disease state goes with: Pink Puffer / Blue Bloater
Emphysema / Chronic Bronchitis
Decade COPD is usually diagnosed? / What % are exposed to tobacco smoke?
5th - 6th / 80%
Imaging for chronic bronchitis / imaging for emphysema?
↑ bronchovascular markings & cardiomegaly, bronchial wall thickening / ↑ lung volumes, depressed, flattened diaphragms (d/t hyperinflation), small heart
Treatment for COPD (5)
1) Smoking Cessation, 2) Oxygen therapy, 3) Inhaled Bronchodilators, 4) Inhaled Corticosteroids, 5) Pulmonary Rehab
3 year survival rate of COPD patients on 24 hour/day oxygen vs survival of COPD pts on nocturnal oxygen
65% / 45%
What role do bronchodilators play in COPD treatment? / Which type are most commonly prescribed?
They relieve symptoms & improve exercise tolerance, but do not alter decline in lung function / Beta-2 agonists and anticholinergics
