Airway Anatomy review

Question 1

Oral Cavity

(bones)

Answer 1

• mandible
• maxilla
• palatine bone

Question 2

Oral Cavity

Answer 2

• dental arches anteriorly and laterally (where teeth sit)
• palates
• occupied by the tongue
• communicates posteriorly with the oropharynx
• 2 arches
  
  • palatoglossal arch - anterior and attaches to tongue
  • palatopharyngeal arch - posterior; attaches to oral arch

Question 3

Oral Cavity

(teeth)

Answer 3

• 32 adult teeth
• numbered 1-16 right to left on maxilla
  
  • supplied by CN V2 (superior alveolar nerve branch)
• numbered 17-32 left to right on mandible
  
  • supplied by CN V2 (inferior alveolar nerve branch)

Question 4

Hard Palate

Answer 4

• anterior 2/3
• palatine processes of the maxillae and horizontal plates of the palatine bones
• incisive fossa and greater palatine foramen allow for vessels of maxillary artery (external cartoid) and nerves of CN V2)

Question 5

Soft Palate

Answer 5

• movable posterior 1/3
• uvula
• continuous with wall of the pharynx and joined to tongue and pharynx by the platoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

* if the right vagal nerve is damaged, you will see a left sided deviation of your uvula

Question 6

Palate

(generals)

Answer 6

• arched roof of the oral cavity proper and floor of nasal cavities
• hard palate
• soft palate
• palatine tonsils- lymphoid tissue on each side of the oropharynx between the two arches

Question 7

Tongue: Extrinsic Muscles

(Names and innervations)

Answer 7

• Genioglossus
• Hyoglossus
• Styloglossus
• Palatoglossus (only one innervated by Vagus)

*all muscles innervated by hypoglossal (CN XII) except Palatoglossus

**if your right hypoglossal nerve is injured, will cause right side deviation on tongue

Question 8

Cervical Viscera:

Pharynx

(includes what? -generals)

Answer 8

• cranial base to C6- continuous with esophagus
  
  • nasopharngyx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
  • vallecula

Question 9

Nasopharynx

Answer 9

• posterior to nose (choanae), superior to soft palate
• respiratory function
• pharyngeal tonsils, adenoids when enlarged

Question 10

Oropharynx

Answer 10

• posterior to the mouth
• soft palate -superior
• base of tongue- inferior
• palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches - laterally
• ends at the superior border of epiglottis
• digestive function
• palatine tonsils

Question 11

Laryngopharynx

Answer 11

• posterior to the larynx
• extends from superior border of epiglottis
• to inferior border of cricoid cartilage (C4-C6)

Question 12

Larynx

Answer 12

• fucntions
  
  • airway protection
  • respiration
  • phonation
• location
  
  • C3-C6
    
    • connects oropharynx with trachea

Question 13

Laryngeal cartilages

3 unpaired and 3 paired

Answer 13

• paired
  
  • Arytenoid
  • Corniculate
  • Cuneform
• unpaired
  
  • thyroid
  • cricoid
  • epiglottic

Question 14

Thyroid Cartilage

Answer 14

• level of C4
• largest and most prominent
• anterior attachement for vocal cords

Question 15

Epiglottic Cartilage

Answer 15

• covers opening to the larynx during swallowing

Question 16

Cricoid Cartilage

Answer 16

• only complete cartilaginous ring
• singet shaped
• arch faces anteriorly (thickest part in the back)

Question 17

Arytenoid Cartilages

Answer 17

• posterior attachement for vocal cords

Question 18

Corniculate Cartilages

Answer 18

• attach to the apices of the arytenoid cartilages
• posterior portion of the aryepiglottic fold

Question 19

Cuneiform Cartilages

Answer 19

• do not directly attach to any other cartilages
• in the aryepiglottic fold, not always present
• lateral to corniculates

Question 20

True vocal cords

Answer 20

• control sound production with audible vibrations
• appear pearly white
• formed by the vocal ligaments
• attached anteriorly to the thyroid cartilage and posteriorly to the arytenoid cartilages

Question 21

Glottic Opening

(rima glottidis)

Answer 21

• triangular aperture between the cords
• variation in the:
  
  • tension and length of the vocal folds
  • width of the rima glottidis
  • intensity of expiratory effort
• produces changes in voice pitch

Question 22

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Answer 22

• control the movements of the lyrngeal cartilages
  
  • control the length ad tension of the vocal cords and the size of the glottic opening
• cricothyroid muscle innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve
• all others innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve

Question 23

Cricothyroid Muscle

Answer 23

• Crycothryoid = Cords tense
• stretches and tenses vocal ligament

Question 24

Thyro-arytenoid

Answer 24

• Thyro-arytenoid =They relax
• relaxes vocal ligament

Question 25

Posterior crico-arytenoid

Answer 25

• Posterior crico-arytenoid = Please come apart!
• abducts vocal cords

Question 26

Lateral crico-arytenoid

Answer 26

• Lateral crico-arytenoid = Let’s close the airway
• adducts vocal folds

Question 27

Transverse and Oblique arytenoids

Answer 27

• adducts vocal folds

Question 28

vocalis

Answer 28

• relaxes vocal ligament

(vocalis is relaxing on vacation)

Question 56

carina

Answer 56

where trachea bifurcates.

Left and right sides come off at different angles.

right bronchi is 2.5 cm long with 25 degree angle

left bronchi is 5cm long with a 45 degree angle