Airway Anatomy review Flashcards
Oral Cavity
(bones)
- mandible
- maxilla
- palatine bone
Oral Cavity
- dental arches anteriorly and laterally (where teeth sit)
- palates
- occupied by the tongue
- communicates posteriorly with the oropharynx
- 2 arches
- palatoglossal arch - anterior and attaches to tongue
- palatopharyngeal arch - posterior; attaches to oral arch

Oral Cavity
(teeth)
- 32 adult teeth
- numbered 1-16 right to left on maxilla
- supplied by CN V2 (superior alveolar nerve branch)
- numbered 17-32 left to right on mandible
- supplied by CN V2 (inferior alveolar nerve branch)

Hard Palate
- anterior 2/3
- palatine processes of the maxillae and horizontal plates of the palatine bones
- incisive fossa and greater palatine foramen allow for vessels of maxillary artery (external cartoid) and nerves of CN V2)

Soft Palate
- movable posterior 1/3
- uvula
- continuous with wall of the pharynx and joined to tongue and pharynx by the platoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
* if the right vagal nerve is damaged, you will see a left sided deviation of your uvula

Palate
(generals)
- arched roof of the oral cavity proper and floor of nasal cavities
- hard palate
- soft palate
- palatine tonsils- lymphoid tissue on each side of the oropharynx between the two arches

Tongue: Extrinsic Muscles
(Names and innervations)
- Genioglossus
- Hyoglossus
- Styloglossus
- Palatoglossus (only one innervated by Vagus)
*all muscles innervated by hypoglossal (CN XII) except Palatoglossus
**if your right hypoglossal nerve is injured, will cause right side deviation on tongue

Cervical Viscera:
Pharynx
(includes what? -generals)
- cranial base to C6- continuous with esophagus
- nasopharngyx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
- vallecula

Nasopharynx
- posterior to nose (choanae), superior to soft palate
- respiratory function
- pharyngeal tonsils, adenoids when enlarged

Oropharynx
- posterior to the mouth
- soft palate -superior
- base of tongue- inferior
- palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches - laterally
- ends at the superior border of epiglottis
- digestive function
- palatine tonsils

Laryngopharynx
- posterior to the larynx
- extends from superior border of epiglottis
- to inferior border of cricoid cartilage (C4-C6)

Larynx
- fucntions
- airway protection
- respiration
- phonation
- location
- C3-C6
- connects oropharynx with trachea
- C3-C6

Laryngeal cartilages
3 unpaired and 3 paired
- paired
- Arytenoid
- Corniculate
- Cuneform
- unpaired
- thyroid
- cricoid
- epiglottic

Thyroid Cartilage
- level of C4
- largest and most prominent
- anterior attachement for vocal cords

Epiglottic Cartilage
- covers opening to the larynx during swallowing

Cricoid Cartilage
- only complete cartilaginous ring
- singet shaped
- arch faces anteriorly (thickest part in the back)

Arytenoid Cartilages
- posterior attachement for vocal cords

Corniculate Cartilages
- attach to the apices of the arytenoid cartilages
- posterior portion of the aryepiglottic fold

Cuneiform Cartilages
- do not directly attach to any other cartilages
- in the aryepiglottic fold, not always present
- lateral to corniculates

True vocal cords
- control sound production with audible vibrations
- appear pearly white
- formed by the vocal ligaments
- attached anteriorly to the thyroid cartilage and posteriorly to the arytenoid cartilages

Glottic Opening
(rima glottidis)
- triangular aperture between the cords
- variation in the:
- tension and length of the vocal folds
- width of the rima glottidis
- intensity of expiratory effort
- produces changes in voice pitch

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
- control the movements of the lyrngeal cartilages
- control the length ad tension of the vocal cords and the size of the glottic opening
- cricothyroid muscle innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve
- all others innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve

Cricothyroid Muscle
- Crycothryoid = Cords tense
- stretches and tenses vocal ligament

Thyro-arytenoid
- Thyro-arytenoid =They relax
- relaxes vocal ligament




