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N928/N942 Principles of Anesthesia > Airway Anatomy > Flashcards

Airway Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the Upper Airway

A

nose, mouth, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx

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2
Q

Components of the Lower Airway

A

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli

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3
Q

pharynx

A

extends from posterior aspect of nose to level of cricoid cartilage

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4
Q

nasopharynx location

A

C1

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5
Q

oropharynx location

A

C2-C3

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6
Q

hypo pharynx location

A

C5-C6

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7
Q

what is waldeyers tonsillar ring made up of

A

pharyngeal tonsils located in nasopharynx
palatine tonsils located in oropharynx
lingual tonsils located at base of tongue

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8
Q

larynx location (adults and kids)

A

C3-C6 in adults

C2-C4 in infants and children

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9
Q

9 cartilages in larynx

A

unpaired: epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid
paired: aretynoid, corniculate, cuneiform (a-corn)

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10
Q

epiglottis

A

sits at base of tongue and separates hypo pharynx from larynx and hangs over laryngeal opening

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11
Q

false vocal cords are also called

A

vestibular folds

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12
Q

true vocal cords

A

pale, white, ligamentous and attach to the thyroid anteriorly and aretynoids posteriorly

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13
Q

trachea

A

starts at C6, bifurcates at T5
10-15cm in length
16-20 cartilaginous rings anteriorly

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14
Q

posterior cricoaretynoid muscle action

A

abducts vocal cords and opens glottis

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15
Q

lateral cricoaretynoid muscle and action

A

adducts the vocal cords

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16
Q

aretynoid muscle action

A

adducts vocal cords

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17
Q

cricothyroid muscle action

A

produces cord tension, closure, elongates vocal cords. can result in laryngospasm

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18
Q

thyroearetynoid muscle action

A

shortens and relaxes vocal cords

19
Q

intrinsic muscles of larynx

A 
posterior cricoaretynoid
lateral cricoaretynoid
aretynoids
cricothyroid
thyroaretynoid
20
Q

extrinsic muscles of larynx

A 
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
omohyoid
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
21
Q

sternohyoid muscle action

A

draws hyoid bone inferiorly

22
Q

sternothyroid muscle action

A

draw thyroid cartilage caudad

23
Q

thyrohyoid muscle action

A

draws hyoid bone inferiorly

24
Q

omohyoid muscle action

A

draws hyoid bone caudad

25
Q

stylohyoid muscle action

A

elevates larynx

26
Q

mylohyoid muscle action

A

elevates larynx

27
Q

CN 5 Upper Airway Sensory innervation of nose

A

anterior septum and lateral walls

specifically called the ethmoidal nerve

28
Q

maxillary division of trigeminal nerve: Upper Airway Sensory Innervation

A

posterior septum

29
Q

cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal) innervation upper airway

A

tonsils, roof of pharynx, underside of soft palate

30
Q

which sensory nerves innervate tongue

A

anterior 2/3 innervated by trigeminal (V)

posterior 1/3 innervated by glossopharyngeal (IX)

31
Q

what does cranial nerve VII (facial nerve) innervate in upper airway

A

supplies muscles of facial expression
taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
small amount of afferent conduction to oropharynx
motor control of stylohyoid laryngeal muscle
salivary glands

32
Q

hypoglossal nerve (XII) innervation

A

provides motor innervation to most muscles of tongue

damage to this nerve can relax tongue, causing it to fall back and obstructing airway

33
Q

vagus nerve X innervation

A

innervates airway below epiglottis

2 branches: SLN, RLN

34
Q

superior laryngeal nerve

A

internal branch provides sensation to larynx from epiglottis to vocal cords (sensation ABOVE vocal cords)
external branch is a motor nerve, provides motor innervation to cricothyroid muscle
internal: sensory to lower pharynx, underside of epiglottis, larynx above cords

35
Q

recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

provides sensation to larynx BELOW vocal cords.
innervates all muscles of larynx except cricothyroid muscle
motor: on right, leaves vagus at level of subclavian and loops up. on left, leaves vagus at level of aortic arched loops up
runs in the groove along the trachea

36
Q

which nerve is responsible for laryngospasm

A

superior external laryngeal nerve

37
Q

Superior Laryngeal Artery

A

blood supply to supraglottic laryngeal structures

carotid to superior thyroid artery

38
Q

Inferior Laryngeal Artery

A

blood supply to infraglottic laryngeal structures

subclavian to inferior thyroid artery to ILA

39
Q

Venous drainage of laryngeal blood supply

A

superior/inferior thyroid veins to SVC

40
Q

Laryngeal Blood Supply arteries and veins to know

A 
Common carotid artery
inferior thyroid artery
superior thyroid artery
superior thyroid vein
inferior thyroid vein
41
Q

3 axes to line up

A

oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal

42
Q

Grade 1-4 views

A

1: full view of glottic opening
2: posterior portion of glottic opening and aretynoid cartilage is visible
3: only tip of epiglottis is visible
4: soft palate visible; no recognizable laryngeal structures

43
Q

MOANS difficult mask ventilation pneumonic

A 
Mask seal
obesity
aged
no teeth (esp upper)
snores
44
Q

predicting difficult intubation: LEMON

A 
Look externally
Evaluate mandibular space (TMJ)
Mallampati classification
Obstructions
Neck mobility

N928/N942 Principles of Anesthesia (3 decks)

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