Airway Anatomy

Question 1

Components of the Upper Airway

Answer 1

nose, mouth, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx

Question 2

Components of the Lower Airway

Answer 2

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli

Question 3

pharynx

Answer 3

extends from posterior aspect of nose to level of cricoid cartilage

Question 4

nasopharynx location

Answer 4

C1

Question 5

oropharynx location

Answer 5

C2-C3

Question 6

hypo pharynx location

Answer 6

C5-C6

Question 7

what is waldeyers tonsillar ring made up of

Answer 7

pharyngeal tonsils located in nasopharynx
palatine tonsils located in oropharynx
lingual tonsils located at base of tongue

Question 8

larynx location (adults and kids)

Answer 8

C3-C6 in adults

C2-C4 in infants and children

Question 9

9 cartilages in larynx

Answer 9

unpaired: epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid
paired: aretynoid, corniculate, cuneiform (a-corn)

Question 10

epiglottis

Answer 10

sits at base of tongue and separates hypo pharynx from larynx and hangs over laryngeal opening

Question 11

false vocal cords are also called

Answer 11

vestibular folds

Question 12

true vocal cords

Answer 12

pale, white, ligamentous and attach to the thyroid anteriorly and aretynoids posteriorly

Question 13

trachea

Answer 13

starts at C6, bifurcates at T5
10-15cm in length
16-20 cartilaginous rings anteriorly

Question 14

posterior cricoaretynoid muscle action

Answer 14

abducts vocal cords and opens glottis

Question 15

lateral cricoaretynoid muscle and action

Answer 15

adducts the vocal cords

Question 16

aretynoid muscle action

Answer 16

adducts vocal cords

Question 17

cricothyroid muscle action

Answer 17

produces cord tension, closure, elongates vocal cords. can result in laryngospasm

Question 18

thyroearetynoid muscle action

Answer 18

shortens and relaxes vocal cords

Question 19

intrinsic muscles of larynx

Answer 19

posterior cricoaretynoid
lateral cricoaretynoid
aretynoids
cricothyroid
thyroaretynoid

Question 20

extrinsic muscles of larynx

Answer 20

sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
omohyoid
stylohyoid
mylohyoid

Question 21

sternohyoid muscle action

Answer 21

draws hyoid bone inferiorly

Question 22

sternothyroid muscle action

Answer 22

draw thyroid cartilage caudad

Question 23

thyrohyoid muscle action

Answer 23

draws hyoid bone inferiorly

Question 24

omohyoid muscle action

Answer 24

draws hyoid bone caudad

Question 25

stylohyoid muscle action

Answer 25

elevates larynx

Question 26

mylohyoid muscle action

Answer 26

elevates larynx

Question 27

CN 5 Upper Airway Sensory innervation of nose

Answer 27

anterior septum and lateral walls | specifically called the ethmoidal nerve

Question 28

maxillary division of trigeminal nerve: Upper Airway Sensory Innervation

Answer 28

posterior septum

Question 29

cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal) innervation upper airway

Answer 29

tonsils, roof of pharynx, underside of soft palate

Question 30

which sensory nerves innervate tongue

Answer 30

anterior 2/3 innervated by trigeminal (V) | posterior 1/3 innervated by glossopharyngeal (IX)

Question 31

what does cranial nerve VII (facial nerve) innervate in upper airway

Answer 31

supplies muscles of facial expression taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue small amount of afferent conduction to oropharynx motor control of stylohyoid laryngeal muscle salivary glands

Question 32

hypoglossal nerve (XII) innervation

Answer 32

provides motor innervation to most muscles of tongue | damage to this nerve can relax tongue, causing it to fall back and obstructing airway

Question 33

vagus nerve X innervation

Answer 33

innervates airway below epiglottis | 2 branches: SLN, RLN

Question 34

superior laryngeal nerve

Answer 34

internal branch provides sensation to larynx from epiglottis to vocal cords (sensation ABOVE vocal cords) external branch is a motor nerve, provides motor innervation to cricothyroid muscle internal: sensory to lower pharynx, underside of epiglottis, larynx above cords

Question 35

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 35

provides sensation to larynx BELOW vocal cords. innervates all muscles of larynx except cricothyroid muscle motor: on right, leaves vagus at level of subclavian and loops up. on left, leaves vagus at level of aortic arched loops up runs in the groove along the trachea

Question 36

which nerve is responsible for laryngospasm

Answer 36

superior external laryngeal nerve

Question 37

Superior Laryngeal Artery

Answer 37

blood supply to supraglottic laryngeal structures | carotid to superior thyroid artery

Question 38

Inferior Laryngeal Artery

Answer 38

blood supply to infraglottic laryngeal structures | subclavian to inferior thyroid artery to ILA

Question 39

Venous drainage of laryngeal blood supply

Answer 39

superior/inferior thyroid veins to SVC

Question 40

Laryngeal Blood Supply arteries and veins to know

Answer 40

``` Common carotid artery inferior thyroid artery superior thyroid artery superior thyroid vein inferior thyroid vein ```

Question 41

3 axes to line up

Answer 41

oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal

Question 42

Grade 1-4 views

Answer 42

1: full view of glottic opening 2: posterior portion of glottic opening and aretynoid cartilage is visible 3: only tip of epiglottis is visible 4: soft palate visible; no recognizable laryngeal structures

Question 43

MOANS difficult mask ventilation pneumonic

Answer 43

``` Mask seal obesity aged no teeth (esp upper) snores ```

Question 44

predicting difficult intubation: LEMON

Answer 44

``` Look externally Evaluate mandibular space (TMJ) Mallampati classification Obstructions Neck mobility ```