Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles > Airway Anatomy > Flashcards

Airway Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the upper airway

A

Nose, mouth, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Components of pharynx and location

A

Extends from nose to cricoid cartilage in three components

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nasopharynx

Location and structures

A

Lies anterior to C1
Bound superiorly by base of skull and inferiorly by soft palate
Contains nasal septum, turbinates, and adenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What impedes airflow in nasopharynx

A

Tonsillar lymphoid structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Oropharynx

Location

A

Lies at C2-C3
Bound superiorly by soft palate and inferiorly by epiglottis
Opens into mouth anteriorly through the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the major source of oropharyngeal obstruction and why

A

The tongue due to decreased genioglossus muscle tone (CNXII - hypoglossal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hypopharynx

Location

A

C5-C6
Lies posterior to larynx and leads to esophagus
Bound by superior border of epiglottis and inferior border of cricoid cartilage (C5-C6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose of the upper esophageal sphincter

A

Lies at lower edge of hypopharynx and acts as a barrier to regurgitation in the conscious patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Waldeyer’s Tonsillar Ring

A

Lymphoid tissue ring in pharynx that is at high risk for bleeding, especially with nasal intubation

Made up of:

  1. Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) - nasopharynx
  2. Tubal tonsils - between pharyngeal and palatine
  3. Palatine tonsils - oropharynx (the ones we think of as tonsils)
  4. Lingual tonsils - base of tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Larynx location

A

Epiglottis to lower lever of cricoid cartilage (C5-c6 in adults)
Sits at the junction of the airway and esophagus

Posterior border = mucus membrane which extends between the arytenoid cartilage and laterally by the aryepiglottic folds (aka false cords)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Larynx components and cartilages

A

Cartilagenous skeleton held together by ligaments, muscles, NINE cartilages, and hyoid bone

The nine cartilages are (Three individual and three paired)

  • thyroid
  • cricoid - C6
  • epiglottic
  • corniculate pair
  • aryetnoid pair
  • cuneiform pair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epiglottis

A

Base of tongue, separates hypopharynx from larynx
On either side of glossepiglotic fold is the vellecula
Protects against aspiration because it covers trachea while swallowing

VASCULAR AREA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Arytenoids

A

Lie posterior and vocal cords attach to these

Pyramidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vocal cords attachment points

A 
Anteriorly = thyroid
Posteriorly = arytenoids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glottic opening

A

The triangular fissure between the cords

The narrowest portion of an adult airway (6-9mm - can be stretched to 12mm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the narrowest part of the pediatric airway

A

Just below the cords at the cricoid ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the largest cartilage of the larynx

A

Thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cricoid cartilage location and special fact

A

The only complete tracheal ring

Sits at c6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thyrohyoid membrane

A

Connects thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does the internal branch of the SLN penetrate the thyrohyoid membrane

A

And the level of the cornu of the hyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cricothyroid membrane info

  1. Is it vascular?
  2. Where is it?
A

Relatively avascular

Thyroid cartilage is attached to the cricoid cartilage anteriorly by the cricothyroid membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Trachea location

A

Begins at C6 at the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage and extends to carina

Bifurcated to right and left main stem bronchus at the level of T5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How long is the trachea

A

10-15 cm in length and is 16-20 rings so long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

At what angles do the mainstems bifurcate

A 
Right = 25-30 degree angle
Left = 45 degree angle
25
Q

intrinsic muscles of the larynx job

A

responsible for opening, closing, and controlling tension of vocal cords

26
Q

extrinsic muscles job

A

connect larynx with hyoid bone and other structures and serve to move the larynx as a whole (elevating and depressing) during phonation, swallowing, and breathing

27
Q

what does the posterior cricoarytenoid muslce do?

A

abducts the vocal cords and opens the glottis

28
Q

what does the lateral cricoarytenoid mucle do?

A

adducts the vocal cords

29
Q

what do the arytenoids (muscle) do?

A

adducts the vocal cords

30
Q

what does the criocothyroid muscle do?

A

produces cord tension, closure, and enlongates the vocal cords

can result in total and prodound glottic closure aka laryngospasm

31
Q

what does the thyroarytenoid muscle do

A

shortens and relaxes the vocal cords

32
Q

name the 5 intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A 
posterior cricoarytenoid
lateral cricoarytenoid
arytenoid
cricothyroid
thryoarytenoid
33
Q

which intrinsic muscle of the larynx is responsible for laryngospasm

A

cricothyroid

34
Q

name the six extrinsic muscles of the larynx

A 
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
omohyoid
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
35
Q

sternohyoid muscle function

A

draws hyoid bone inferiorly

depresses larynx

36
Q

sternothyroid muscle function

A

draws thyroid cartilage caudad

Depresses larynx

37
Q

thyrohyoid muscle function

A

draws hyoid bone inferiorly

*elevates larynx if hyoid bone is fixed

38
Q

omohyoid muscle function

A

draws hyoid bone caudad

Depresses larynx

39
Q

what is the function of the stylohoid and mylohyoid muscles?

A

elevate larynx

40
Q

Nose sensory innervation

A

anterior septum and lateral walls = CNV - trigeminal nerve
*specifically the anterior ethmoidal nerve

posterior septum = CNV - trigeminal nerve
*specifically the nasopalanatine and sphenopalantine nerves

41
Q

sympathetic stimulation of the nose causes

A

vasoconstriction and shrinkage of nasal tissue

42
Q

parasympathetic stimulation of the nose causes

A

engorgement of blood vessels and increases likelihood of breathing with airway manipulation

seen with general anesthesia!!!

43
Q

what innervates the tonsils, roof of pharynx, and underside of soft palate (sensory)?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve - CN 9

44
Q

what innervates the anterior 2/3 of tongue (sensory)?

A

CNV - trigeminal

*specifically the lingual nerve/mandibular division of CNV

45
Q

what innervates the posterior 1/3 of tongue? (sensory)

A

CN 9 - glossopharyngeal nerve

46
Q

what does CN7 do? aka the facial nerve

A
  • motor - facial expression
  • sensory - taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • afferent conduction to oropharynx (small amount)
  • motor - stylohyoid muscle (pulls hyoid bone up and back which elevates tongue)
  • salivary glands - PSNS saliva production
47
Q

what does CN12 do? aka hypoglossal nerve

A

motor - tongue muscles

48
Q

what happens if you damage the hypoglossal nerve

A

tongue relaxes and can fall back to obstruct airway

49
Q

what does CNX (vagus) nerve do?

A

innervates airway below epiglottis

  • SUPERIOR laryngeal nerve
  • sensory to larynx ABOVE cords (epiglottis to cords) = internal branch
  • motor = external branch - to cricothyroid muslce
  • RECURRENT laryngeal nerve
  • sensory to larynx BELOW cords
  • motor - all other laryngeal muscles
50
Q

Which nerve provides motor innervation for all muscles of the larynx?

A

CNX - VAGUS

SLN external branch = motor to cricothyroid muscle
RLN = motor to all muscles of larynx EXCEPT cricothyroid

51
Q

what is the superior laryngeal nerve responsible for?

A

INTERNAL
*sensory - larynx from epiglottis to cords aka ABOVE CORDS and lower pharynx

EXTERNAL
*motor - cricothyroid muscle of larynx

52
Q

what is the recurrent laryngeal nerve responsible for?

A
  • SENSORY - larynx BELOW CORDS and upper esophagus

- MOTOR - all muscles of larynx except cricothyroid muscle

53
Q

which nerve is involved in laryngospasm

A

vagus X

54
Q

what happens when you have injury to superior laryngeal nerve

A 
unilateral = minimal effects
bilateral = hoarseness, vocal tiring
55
Q

what happens when you have injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

unilateral = hoarseness
bilateral
* acute - stridor, respiratory distress from unopposed tension of cricothyroid muscles
* chronic - aphonia

common after thyroidectomy because this nerve comes down and loops around inominate artery

56
Q

what happens to vagus nerve injury

A

bilateral vagal denervatiosn produce flaccid, midpositioned cords = APHONIA

57
Q

Superior laryngeal artery supplies

A

supraglottic laryngeal structures

flows from carotid, to superior thyroid artery, to SLA to above

58
Q

inferior laryngeal artery supplies

A

infraglottic laryngeal structures

flows from subclavian to inferior thyroid artery to ILA to above

Principles (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions