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Principles 2 > Airway A&P > Flashcards

Airway A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Most common airway management claims?

A

vocal chord paralysis

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2
Q

what landmark separates the upper and lower airway?

A

cricoid cartilage

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3
Q

Upper airway (above cricoid) parts?

A

nose, mouth, pharynx, hypopharynx (laryngopharynx), larynx and vocal cords

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4
Q

Lower airway (below cricoid) parts

A

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli

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5
Q

part of pharynx at C1 level, skull to soft palate

A

Nasopharynx

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6
Q

part of pharynx at C2-C3 level, soft palate to epiglottis

A

Oropharynx

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7
Q

part of pharynx at C5-C6 level, epiglottis to cricoid

A

Hypopharynx

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8
Q

key airway landmark?

A

vallecula

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9
Q

4 functions of Upper Respiratory Tract

A

Provides for gas exchange
Filters inspired air
Contains olfactory receptors
Contributes to phonation

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10
Q

part of upper airway at Level: C4, C5, C6

higher in females than in males

A

larynx

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11
Q

how many cartilages make up larynx?

A

9

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12
Q

3 single cartilages of larynx

A

thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
epiglottis

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13
Q

what structure protects airway from aspiration?

A

epiglottis

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14
Q

3 paired cartilages of larynx

A

corniculate
cuneiform
arytenoid

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15
Q

3 Major Function of the Larynx

A

Protection of the lower airway
Facilitate respiration
Facilitate phonation

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16
Q

borders of upper airway?

A

Anterior and lateral border: thyroid cartilage

Posterior border: posterior cricoid cartilage

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17
Q

action: vocal cord tension, open,close

A

Intrinsic muscles upper airway

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18
Q

action: position, phonation,swallowing

A

Extrinsic muscles

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19
Q

Anchors and suspends larynx
U shaped
Does not articulate with any other bone

A

hyoid bone

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20
Q

elastic cartilage, attached to hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

A

epiglottis

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21
Q

‘shield’, articulates with cricoid, provides attachment for vocal fold

A

thyroid cartilage

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22
Q

articulates with thyroid cartilage, attached to 1st tracheal ring

A

cricoid cartilage

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23
Q

pyramidal, vocal and muscular processes, pivot on cricoid lamina to abduct and adduct vocal folds, vocal cord attached to vocal process

A

arytenoids

24
Q

2 laryngeal joints?

A

cricothyroid joint

cricoarytenoid joint

25
Q

lengthens and tenses cords- controls pitch

A

Cricothyroid joint

26
Q

something to consider with older patients?

A

cartilage continues to grow, chronic diseases (think rheumatoid) destroys joints - including airway

27
Q

opening/inlet to trachea

Triangle in shape

A

glottis

28
Q

vestibular folds which are narrow bands of fibrous tissue on each side.

A

False vocal cords

29
Q

: pale, white ligament bands

Attachment: thyroid anterior, arytenoids posterior

A

True vocal cords

30
Q

C6, lower border of cricoid to T5 carina

10-15 cm in length.

A

trachea

31
Q

describe posterior trachea

A

flattened

32
Q

what are the angles of the right and left bronchus?

A

Left bronchus is a greater angle (45°) than right bronchus (25°)

[easier to intubate right because least resistance with lesser angle]

33
Q

– smooth muscle, alters diameter of trachea, changing trachea’s resistance to flow e.g. constricts when cough to expel air more forceably

A

trachealis

34
Q

Upper Airway Innervation: 4 sensory

A

3 branches of trigeminal nerve (V1,V2,V3)
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Facial nerve
Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

35
Q

Upper Airway Innervation: motor

A

Vagus has 2 branches SLN, RLN

36
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) innervates ALL muscles of larynx except

A

cricothyroid muscle

37
Q

what innervates cricothyroid muscle?

A

external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN)

38
Q

Innervation of Trachea and Bronchial Tree

A

vagus

39
Q

protect the lower airway from entry of secretions and foreign bodies

A

Pharynx, epiglottis & vocal cords

40
Q

what is the Pharyngeal Reflex?

A

posterior wall of pharynx is touched causing the gag reflex. Suppression in stage 3 plane 1.

41
Q

what is the Laryngeal reflex

A

touching or irritating mucosa results in a cough reflex. Suppression in stage 3 plane 2

42
Q

what is Glottic closure reflex

A

: laryngeal closure, exaggeration of this is laryngospasm. Most common during stage 2 when reflexes are hyperirritable.

43
Q

what is Carinal reflex

A

gagging and coughing when carina is touched. Suppressed in stage 3, plane 3

44
Q

Posterior Cricoarytenoid action and nerve?

A 
Opens glottis (abducts)
RLN
45
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoids action and nerve?

A 
Closes glottis (adducts)
RLN
46
Q

Arytenoids (interarytenoids) action and nerve

A

Closes glottis mainly posterior (adducts)

RLN

47
Q

Cricothyroid action and nerve?

A

Tension and elongation of cords (adducts)

SLN

48
Q

Thyroarytenoids action and nerve

A

Relaxes/shortens vocal cords

RLN

49
Q

adjusts length (tension) of the vocal ligaments?

A

cricothyroid
vocalis
thyroarytenoid

50
Q

AB or AD ducts vocal folds (glottic opening)

A

thyroaretynoid
lateral cricoarytenoid
posterior cricoarytenoid

51
Q

sphincter function?

A

aryepiglottic

interarytenoid

52
Q

muscles increase tension on vocal ligaments by rotating the thyroid cartilage inferiorly –raises pitch

A

Cricothyroid (CT

53
Q

relaxes vocal ligaments by pulling arytenoid cartilage anteriorly- lowers pitch

A

Thyroarytenoid (TA)

54
Q

SLN injury

A

unilateral - minimal

bilateral - hoarseness, tired voice

55
Q

RLN injury?

A

unilateral - hoarse
bilateral
acute: stridor, resp distress
chronic: aphonia

56
Q

vagus injury?

A

unilateral - hoarseness

bilateral - aphonia

Principles 2 (5 decks)

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