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EMT > airway > Flashcards

airway Flashcards

1
Q

nasopharynx

A

where air passes after being inhaled through the nose, keeps contaminants like dust out of respiratory tract

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2
Q

oropharynx

A

back of the mouth, prevent food and liquid from entering the larynx when swallowing `

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3
Q

larynx

A

marks where upper airway ends and lower airway begins

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4
Q

upper airway

A

warm, filter, and humidify air, From nose and mouth to larynx

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5
Q

lower airway

A

gas exchange at lower alveolus, respiration

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6
Q

epiglottis

A

closes over airway to not allow other foreign material to enter

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7
Q

glotic opening

A

prevents foreign objects from entering airway

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8
Q

carina

A

where trachea (windpipe) divides into two bronchi

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9
Q

Main bronchi

A

left side, two lobes to leave space for heart

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10
Q

smaller bronchi

A

right side, three lobes, bronchiolies

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11
Q

inhalation

A

diaphragm and intercoastal muscles contract, allowing air to enter the body and lungs. (diaphragm moves down, thoracic cage gets bigger, ribs lift up and out)

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12
Q

partial pressure

A

amount of gas in air or a dissolved fluid

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13
Q

exhalation

A

doesn’t require muscular effort, passive process, the diaphragm relaxes, rib cage and thorax return to normal

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14
Q

air will reach the lungs only through the

A

trachea/windpipe

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15
Q

patent

A

airway is maintained, air can enter and leave lungs freely

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16
Q

tidal volume

A

amount of air moved in and out of lungs in ONE breath

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17
Q

hypoxia

A

tissues and cells don’ get enough oxygen, can lead to death

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18
Q

normally, the drive to breathe is based on ___

A

carbon dioxide, carbonic drive

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19
Q

hypoxic drive

A

drive to breathe is based on oxygen (BAD), cant get rid of CO2 –> high carbon dioxide levels, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

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20
Q

dyspnea

A

shortness of breath

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21
Q

child vs adult airway

A

child has:
-smaller nose and mouth
-more space taken up by tongue –> less space in airway
narrower trachea
-cricoid cartilage is less developed and less rigid

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22
Q

hypercarbia

A

excess carbon dioxide in blood stream

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23
Q

signs of inadequate breathing

A

-Tripod position: bent over with hands on knees
-Unequal or inadequate chest expansion
-Increased effort to breathing
-Shallow depth
-Skin that is pale, cyanotic, cool, or moist
-Skin puling in around ribs or clavicles during inspiration
-Abnormal skin color
-Altered mental status
-Low pulse oximetry

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24
Q

intrapulmonary shunting

A

blood enters the lungs on the right side and returns to the left side in an un-oxygenated state

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25
Q

Pulse oximetry

A

measurement of pxygenation in the blood, 95-99% is normal

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26
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

-inflamed lungs –> blocked airmway
-too much CO2
-have low pulse oximetry (less oxygen in blood)

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27
Q

when to give oxygen

A

pulse oximetry less than 94%, dyspnea, changes in skin color, tripod position, accessory muscle use, nasal flaring , grunting

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28
Q

non rebretahing mask

A

(non dying mask), supplemental oxygen for for someone who is breathing FINE, 10-15 liters per min minute =90% oxygen

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29
Q

how much oxygen is in the air right now

A

21%
-body breathes out 5% and keeps 16%

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30
Q

nasal cannula

A

(not needed cannula), supplemental oxygen for adequate breathing, less serious than NRM, 1-6 lpm = 24-44% oxygen

31
Q

bag valve mask

A

patient is either having trouble breathing or not breathing at all, 12-25 lpm=100% oxygen

32
Q

tracheostomies

A

patients that breathe through hole in their neck called a soma

33
Q

pocket face mask

A

patient is either having trouble or is not breathing at all, you breathe directly into mask, %55 oxygen

34
Q

when to administer humidified oxygen

A

-reduce infection
-burns
-pediatrics
-long transports

35
Q

CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure

A

administer when patient has respiratory distress but is still consious,

36
Q

oral pharyngeal airway

A

keeps tongue from blocking the airway and makes it easier to suction, measure corner of the mouth to ear lobe

contradiction: intact gag reflex, patient is conscious, seizure

37
Q

nasal pharyngeal airway

A

used with unresponsive or AMS patients, patient has an intact gag reflex

contradiction: severe head trauma, blood drianing from nose, precious fractured nasal bone

38
Q

suctioning

A

minimum pressure is 399 mmHg, suction while withdrawing the catheter, suction for 15 seconds MAX for adults

39
Q

head tilt chin lift

A

open the airway, for patients with no suspected trauma

40
Q

jaw thrust maneuver

A

open the airway, for patienst with spinal injury,

41
Q

tension pneumothorax

A

tesnion between pneumo (lung) and thorax (chest wall), air accumulates between chest wall and lung –> increased pressure, no hole in pleural space so air builds up, trachea deviates to one side

symptoms: chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid breathing

42
Q

pulmonary emoblism

A

blockage in pulmonary arteries, thee blood vessels that send blood to your lungs

embolus: traveling blood clot

symptoms: shortness of breath and chest pain

43
Q

pulmonary edema

A

too much fluid in lunch making it difficult to breathe

edema: swelling,

your lungs are swelling with fluid

44
Q

pneumothorax (sucking chest wound)

A

collapsed lung, air leaks into space between chest wall and lung, hole in pleural space that allows the air to excape

45
Q

hemopnumothorax

A

blood (hemo) and air (pneumothorax, collapsed lung), in pleural space

46
Q

pleural spce

A

space between lungs and chest wall

47
Q

ataxic respirations

A

irregular and ineffective breathing

48
Q

air embolism

A

air escaping from lungs into blood vessels

49
Q

flail chest

A

three or more ribs broken

50
Q

respiration

A

the process by which the body uses oxygen and expels carbon dioxide, echange of ocygen and CO2

51
Q

ventilation

A

moving air in and out of lungs

52
Q

oxygenation

A

moving oxygen into blood

53
Q

how to heart works

A

right atrium gets deoxygenated blood –> right ventricle –> lungs to add mroe oxygen –> left atrium –> left ventricle –> rest of body

54
Q

adema

A

right side of heart not pumping effectively

55
Q

acute pulmonary adema

A

fluid backed up in lungs, can’t make gas exchange, rales, place patient in postion of comfort, crackles heard in lower lungs

56
Q

pneumonia

A

infection inside of lungs, wheezing or rales

57
Q

wheezing

A

constriction in lower airway, high pitched whistling sound

58
Q

stridor

A

constriction in upper airway, whistling

59
Q

vena cava

A

carry blood to the heart

60
Q

vitals for child 3-5

A

20 breaths a minute, pulse of 100, and Systolic BP of 110

61
Q

The pediatric assessment triangle is composed of three elements

A

Circulation, Appearance, Work of Breathing

62
Q

numo

63
Q

snoring

A

tongue blocking the airway

64
Q

crowing

A

laryngeal (voicebox) muscle spasm

65
Q

where does gas exchange happen

A

between pulmonary capillaries and alveoli

66
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

airway getting filled with mucous, coughing a lot to get rid of mucous, shortness of breath

67
Q

rales

A

bubbling sound

68
Q

left pulmonary vein

A

carries oxygenated blood

69
Q

give breaths

A

every 5 to 6 seconds

70
Q

volume of air administered should be determined be

A

chest rise

71
Q

phlebo

72
Q

CPR ratios

A

30:2 for single rescuer
15:2 for two rescuers

73
Q

newborn respiratory

A

30 to 60 breaths

EMT (4 decks)

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