AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS

Question 1

Aircraft components

Answer 1

fuesalage
wings
empenange (horizontal/vertical stabilizer)
landing gear( tricycle/conventional)
powerplant

Question 2

Howdoes the reciprocating engine work?

Answer 2

Fuel/Air mixed and then compressed in the cylinder
moves pistons
connected to crankshaft
crank rotates
prop rotates

Question 3

Piston strokes

Answer 3

Intake
compression
Power
Exhaust

Question 4

Camshaft

Answer 4

controls intake/exhaust valves
connected to crank by a gear to keep in sync

Question 5

Induction sys

Answer 5

Throttle- quantity of fuel/air mix going to cylinder
Mixture- fuel control

Question 6

Carburetor

Answer 6

Mixes fuel w/ air to cylinder
Air comes in thru intake
goes thru the venturi(narrow)
air Speeds up/Pressure drops
the differential pressure pulls fuel from the nozzle connected to the float
fuel/air mix goes to cylinders.
*the throttle is connected to the butterfly valve which controls the amount of fuel/air mix to cylinders

Question 7

Fuel injection sys

Answer 7

1. fuel pump- pumps from tank to fuel control unit(regulates mix)
2. goes to fuel manifold
3. goes to cylinder nozzles
4. goes to combustion chamber

Question 8

Ignition sys

Answer 8

1. magnetos (rotating magnet creates a spark)
2. spark plugs ( 2mags and 2 plugs per cylinder)
   .Ignition switch- controls mags
3. starter - turns crankshaft

Question 9

What is detonation and how does it occur

Answer 9

Uncontrolled explosion in the chamber.
ex. Low-grade fuel, lean mix in steep climb w/ little cooling.

Question 10

Pre ignition

Answer 10

Lingering hot spots on wall of chamber ( carbon deposits)

Question 11

How does cooling in engine happen

Answer 11

Oil goes to Oil cooler
then it lubricates / cools engine
also by air
* high power and low speed (climbing) there is reduced airflow

Question 12

what does the exhaust do

Answer 12

Gases From cylinder escape. and also provides heat to cabin

Question 13

How does the oil system work

Answer 13

oil sump
oil pump
oil cooler (if needed)
filter
engine
repeats process

Question 14

Electrical system components

Answer 14

14/28v DC
Alternator
Battery
Switches
CB/Fuses
Voltage regulator
Ammeter(monitors system and checks operation of battery)
Loadmeter (load of alternator)

Question 15

what does the battery power

Answer 15

Plane lights/ avionics

Question 16

What is the electrical bus

Answer 16

acts like a power strip
provides power to multiple equipment
main bus= lights etc
avionics bus= Instruments

Question 17

Gyroscopic instruments

Answer 17

attitude indicator- uses air
heading indicator- uses air
turn indicator- uses electricity
works off precession/rigidity in space
*like a gimbal
the use of vacuum pumps allows airflow to go to gyro

Question 18

What do Flaps do

Answer 18

changes the shape of the wings and increases lift
you can fly steeper approaches with lower speeds

Question 19

what components incorporate the Pito-static system

Answer 19

Altimeter
Airspeed indicator
Vertical speed Indicator
*measures the outside pressure

Question 20

Describe the Altimeter

Answer 20

Uses wafers that expand and contract.
in combination with the static port it uses air pressure and static pressure.

Question 21

Describe the Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)

Answer 21

Compares current and past pressures
it uses static pressure
is uses diaphragm pressure and case pressure

Question 22

Describe the Airspeed Indicator

Answer 22

Uses Ram pressure ( higher pressure, more the diaphragm expands)
goes through the Pitot tube in combination with the static port - fills case with static air.
ram pressure-static pressure = Dynamic pressure

Question 23

Cessna 150L engine specs

Answer 23

4 cyl, over-head valve
air cooled , carbureted continental engine ( 0-200-A)
100hp @ 2750 RPM
has a starter and belt driven alternator.
Dual mags
Oil wet sump-6 quarts