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ACRM > AIRCRAFT STRURAL MATERIALS (METALLIC) > Flashcards

AIRCRAFT STRURAL MATERIALS (METALLIC) Flashcards

1
Q

ABILITY OF A MATYERIAL TO WITHSTAND TENSION

A

TENSILE STRENGTH

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2
Q

ABILITY OF A MATERIAL TO RESIST DEFORMATION

A

YIELD STRENGTH

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3
Q

ABILITY OF A JOINT TO WITHSTAND ANY FORM OF CRUSHING OR DISTORTION

A

BEARING STREMNGTH

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4
Q

ABILITY TO RESIST CUTTING, PENETRATION, OR ABRASION

A

HARDNESS

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5
Q

MEATALS ARE HARDENED THROUGH?

A

HEAT-TREATING OR WORK-HARDENING

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6
Q

METALS ARE SOFTENED BY A PROCESS CALLED?

A

ANNEALING

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7
Q

ABILITY TO BE BENT, FORMED, OR SHAPE WITHOUT BREAKING

A

MALLEABILITY

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8
Q

TENDENCY OF A MATERIAL TO BREAK

A

BRITTLENESS

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9
Q

Enables a metal to carry heat or electricity.

A

CONDUCTIVITY

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10
Q

Property of a metal to expand when heated and shrink when cooled. The amount of expansion or contraction is predictable at specific temperatures

A

THERMAL EXPSION

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11
Q

Metal’s tendency to return to its original shape after normal stretching and bending.

A

ELASTICITY

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12
Q

Point beyond which the metal does not return to its original shape after a deforming force is removed.

A

ELASTIC LIMIT

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13
Q

Metal’s ability to resist tearing or breaking when it is bent or stretched.

A

TOUGHNESS

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14
Q

Formed by physically working the metal into shape.

A

WROUGHT OBJECTS

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14
Q

Ability of metal to be joined by heating and melting.

A

FUSIBILITY

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15
Q

Material’s mass per unit volume.

A

DENSITY

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16
Q

Formed by pouring molten metal into molds.

A

CAST OBJECTS

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17
Q

Process of forming metal at an elevated temperature when it is in its annealed, or soft condition.

A

HOT WORKING

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18
Q

consists of forming hot metal ingots with rollers to form sheets, bars, and beams.

A

ROLLING

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19
Q

worked at temperatures above its critical range.

A

FORGING

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20
Q

Used to form large and heavy parts.

A

PRESSING

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21
Q

Hammering process whereby a hot ingot is placed between a pair of formed dies in a machine called a drop hammer and a weight of several tons is dropped on the upper die.

A

DROP FORGING

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22
Q

Type of forging that is usually used on small parts because it requires a metalworker to physically hammer a piece of metal into its finished shape.

A

HAMMERING

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23
Q

Performed well below a metal’s critical temperature.
Strain hardens the worked metal, increasing its strength and hardness but decreasing ductility.

A

COLD-WORKING

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24
Q

Used in making seamless tubing, wire, streamlined tie rods, and other forms of stock.

A

cold drawing

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24
Q

rolling of metal at room temperature to its approximate size.

A

COLD ROLLING

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25
Q

Process of forging metal through a die which imparts a required cross-section to the metal.

A

extrusion

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26
Q

Metals which have elements other than iron as their base.

A

NON-FERROUS METALS

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27
Q

1XXX
Offers high corrosion resistance, excellent thermal and electric properties but very low in strength.

A

ALUMINUM

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28
Q

2XXX
Metallic changes take place in the resultant alloy’s grain structure. However, it is susceptible to intergranular corrosion when improperly heat-treated.

A

COPPER

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29
Q

3XXX
Non heat treatable. Offers moderate strength and has good working characteristics.

A

MANGANESE

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30
Q

4XXX
Lowers a metal’s melting temperature. This results in an alloy that works well for welding and brazing.

A

SILICON

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31
Q

5XXX
Good welding and corrosion-resistance characteristics. However, if the metal is exposed to high temperatures or excessive cold working, its susceptibility to corrosion increases.

A

MAGNESIUM

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32
Q

6XXX
Medium strength with good forming and corrosion-resistance properties.

A

MAGNESIUM AND SILICON

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33
Q

7XXX
Used when parts require more strength and little forming. This alloy is very hard and is difficult to bend.

A

ZINC

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34
Q

8XXX

A

OTHER ELEMENTS

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35
Q

represents a specific alloy modification.

A

SECOND NUMBER

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36
Q

Pure aluminum coating that is rolled on to the surface of heat-treated aluminum alloy.
The thickness of this coating is approximately 5% of the alloy’s thickness on each side.

A

CLAD ALUMINUM ALLOY

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37
Q

Series of operations involving the heating and cooling of metals in their solid state.

A

HEAT TREATMENT

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38
Q

Process of heating certain aluminum alloys to allow the alloying element to mix with the base metal. Metal is heated in either a molten sodium or potassium nitrate bath or in a hot-air furnace to a temperature just below its melting point.

A

SOLUTION HEAT TREATMENT

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39
Q

Heat-treatable aluminum alloys are comparatively soft when first removed from a quench.

A

PRECIPITATION HEAT TREATMENT

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40
Q

When alloy is allowed to cool at room temperature, it is referred to as

A

NATURAL AGING

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41
Q

Process that softens a metal and decrease internal stress.

A

ANNEALING

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42
Q

T

A

SOLUTION HEAT TREATED

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43
Q

T2

A

ANNEALED(CAST)

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44
Q

T3

A

SHT STRAIN HARDENED

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45
Q

T4

A

SHT NATURALLY AGED

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46
Q

T5

A

ARTIFICIALLY AFED

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47
Q

T6

A

SHT ARTIFICIALLY AGED

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48
Q

T7

A

SHT STABILIZED

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49
Q

T8

A

SHT
STRAIN HARDENED, ARTIFICIALLY AGED

50
Q

T9

A

SHT,
ARTIFICIALLY AGED, STRAIN HARDENED

51
Q

T10

A

ARTIFICIALLY AGED, STRAIN HARDENED

52
Q

Material which has been previously heat-treated can generally be reheat treated any number of times. As an example, rivets made of 2017 or 2024 are extremely hard and typically receive several reheat treatments to make them soft enough to drive.

A

REHEAT TREATMENT

53
Q

Both heat-treatable and nonheat-treatable aluminum alloys can be strengthened and hardened through strain hardening, also referred to as cold working or work hardening. The mechanical working can consist of rolling, drawing, or pressing.

A

STRAIN HARDENING

54
Q

F

A

FABRICATED

55
Q

O

A

ANNEALED

56
Q

H

A

STRAIN HARDENED

57
Q

H1

A

STRAIN HARDENED ONLY

58
Q

H2

A

SH, PARTIALLY ANNEALED

59
Q

H3

A

SH, STABILIZED

60
Q

H4

A

sh and baked

61
Q

HX2

A

QUARTERED HARD

62
Q

HX4

A

HALF HARD

63
Q

HX6

A

THREE-QUARTERED HARD

64
Q

HX8

A

FULL HARD

65
Q

HX9

A

EXTRA HARD

66
Q

Used for castings and in its wrought form is available in sheets, bars, tubing, and extrusions.

A

MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS

67
Q

Light weight metals with very high strength. They also have excellent corrosion resistance characteristics. However, since the metal is sensitive to both nitrogen and oxygen, it must be converted to titanium dioxide with chlorine gas.

A

TITANIUM AND ALLOYS

68
Q

Medium strengths of 120 KSI to 150 KSI, can be welded and used in forgings.

A

ALPHA

69
Q

Medium strength in the annealed condition and much greater strength when heat treated. Not weldable.

A

ALPHA-BETA

70
Q

Medium strength, excellent forming characteristics. Can be heat-treated to a very high strength.

A

BETA

71
Q

68% nickel, 29% copper

A

MONEL

72
Q

80% nickel, 14% chromium

A

INCONEL

73
Q

COPPER+ZINC

A

BRASS

74
Q

COPPER+TIN

A

BRONZE

75
Q

97% copper, 2% beryllium

A

BERRYLIUM COPPER

76
Q

Any alloy containing iron as its chief constituent.

A

FERROUS METALS

77
Q

Fairly soft, malleable, and ductile.

A

IRON

78
Q

Pig iron is re-melted in a special furnace.

A

STEEL

79
Q

SAE-1XXX
When mixed with iron, compounds of iron carbides called cementite form.

A

CARBON

80
Q

SAE-2XXX
Adds strength and hardness to steel and increases its yield strength. Used in producing aircraft hardware such as bolts, nuts, rod ends, and pins.

A

NICKEL

81
Q

SAE-3XXX
Nickel toughens steel, and chromium hardens it. Used for forged and machined parts requiring high strength, ductility, shock resistance, and toughness.

A

NICKEL CHROMIUM

82
Q

SAE-4XXX
Reduces the grain size of steel and increases both its impact strength and elastic limit. Extremely wear resistant and possess a great deal of fatigue strength.

A

MOLYBDENUM

83
Q

SAE-5XXX
Increase strength and hardness as well as improve its wear and corrosion resistance. Used in balls and rollers of antifriction bearings.

A

CHROMIUM

84
Q

SAE-6XXX

A

CHROMIUM VANADIUM

85
Q

SAE-7XXX
Extremely high melting point, typically used for breaker contacts in magnetos and for high-speed cutting tools.

A

TUNGSTEN

86
Q

SAE-8XXX

A

NICKEL CHROMIUM VANADIUM

87
Q

SAE-9XXX

A

SILICON AND MANGANESE

88
Q

0.10-0.30 - Easily welded and machines readily, does not accept heat treatment.

A

LOW

89
Q

0.30-0.50 - Accept heat treatment, adaptable for machining or forging

A

MEDIUM

90
Q

0.50 - 1.05 - Used in springs, files, and some cutting fools

A

HIGH

91
Q

Causes steel to be brittle when rolled or forged and must be removed in the refining process.

A

SULFUR

92
Q

Acts as a hardener. It also improves ductility.

A

SILICON

93
Q

Raises the yield strength of steel. However, no more than 0.05% ____

A

PHOSPHOROUS

94
Q

toughness and wear resistance make it a good material for engine cylinders and other highly stressed engine parts.

A

CHROME-MOLYBDENUM

95
Q

Corrosion resistance steels that contain large amount of chromium and nickel. Suited for high temperature applications such as firewalls and exhaust system components.

A

STAINLESS STEEL

96
Q

When these steels are heated to a temperature above their critical range, a structure known as austenite forms. Austenite is a solid solution of pearlite. Hardened only by coldworking while heat treatment serves only to anneal them.

A

AUSTENTIC

97
Q

No carbon and do not respond to heat treatment.

A

FERRITIC

98
Q

Extremely hard if allowed to cool rapidly by quenching from an elevated temperature. They are magnetic.

A

MARTENSITIC

99
Q

Increase both ultimate tensile strength and toughness. Most wrenches and ball bearings are made of chromium-vanadium steel.

A

VANADIUM

100
Q

Alpha solid solution of iron containing some carbon and exists at temperatures below the lower critical temperature.

A

FERRITE

101
Q

Above the lower critical temperature, the steel begins to turn into austenite, which consists of gamma iron containing carbon.

A

AUSTENTITE

102
Q

Softens steel and relieves internal stress. It is heated to about 50F above its critical temperature, soaked for a specified time, then cooled. Soaking time is typically around one hour per inch of material thickness.

A

ANNEALING

103
Q

The processes of forging, welding, or machining usually leave stresses within steel that could lead to failure. These stresses are relieved in ferrous metals. Heated to about 100F above its upper critical temperature and held there until the metal is uniformly heat soaked. The steel is in then removed from the furnace and allowed to cool in still air.

A

NORMALIZING

104
Q

It is heated above its critical temperature so carbon can disperse uniformly in the iron matrix. Once this occurs, the alloy is cooled rapidly by quenching it in water, oil, or brine.

A

HARDENING

105
Q

provides the slowest quench

A

OIL

106
Q

provides the MOST RAPID quench

A

BRINE

107
Q

Reduces the undesirable qualities of martensitic steel. It is heated to a level considerably below its critical temperature. It is then allowed to cool to room temperature in still air.

A

TEMPERING

108
Q

Certain components in aircraft engines and landing gear systems require metal with hard, durable bearing surfaces and core material that remains tough accomplished through

A

CASE HARDENING

109
Q

Forms a thin layer of high-carbon steels on the exterior of low-carbon steel.

A

CARBURIZING

110
Q

Enclosing the metal in a fire-clay container and packing it with a carbon-rich material such as charcoal.

A

PACK

111
Q

Carbon monoxide gas combines with gamma iron and forms a high-carbon surface.

A

GAS

112
Q

Produces a high-carbon surface when a part is heated in a molten bath of sodium cyanide or barium cyanide.

A

LIQUID

113
Q

Uses a hydraulic force to impress a spherical penetrator into the surface of a sample. The amount of force used is approximately 3,000 kg for steel, and 500 kg for nonferrous metals.

A

BRINELL HARDNESS TEST

114
Q

First hardened, tempered, and then ground to its finished dimensions before it is case hardened. Heated to a temperature of approximately 1000F, and then surrounded by ammonia gas (NH3).
Engine crankshafts and cylinder walls are commonly nitrided for increased wear resistance.

A

NITRIDING

115
Q

Measures the depth to which the penetrator sinks into the material. Uses a conical diamond, a 1/16 inch ball, and a ⅛ inch ball. There are also three major loads: 60 kg, 100 kg, and 150 kg.

A

ROCKWELL HARDNESS TEST

116
Q

Formed from ingots of aluminum alloy that are passed through a series of rollers until the metal is reduced to a desired thickness.

A

SHEET METAL GRAIN

117
Q

A radius is measured on the inside of a bend and is generally measured in fractions.
To prevent cracks, a minimum _________ is recommended for different types of alloys and metal thickness

A

BEND RADIUS

118
Q

When bending a piece of metal around a radius, the metal on the outside of the bend stretches, while the metal toward the inside tends to compress or shrink. The line along which this occurs is called the

A

NEUTRAL AXIS

119
Q

Used to designate the dimensions of a piece of metal on a drawing or layout pattern.

A

MOLD LINE

120
Q

Point where two mold lines intersect in a bend.

A

MOLD POINT

121
Q

Designate the location where the sheet metal begins to form around the bend radius.

A

BENT TANGENT LINE

122
Q

Distance between the mold line and the bend tangent line inside the bend area.

A

SETBACK

123
Q

When a sheet metal structure is built up, there are often locations where the metal is stacked into multiple layers where the parts are joined together. In order for the sheet metal pieces to be flat against the skin and yet have one on top of the other at the joining intersection.

A

JOGGLING

124
Q

Allowable damage covered in the SRM

A

COSMETIC

125
Q

Repairable damage covered in the SRM
Specific damage requires manufacturers approval

A

STRUCTURAL

ACRM (8 decks)

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