AirCraft Mass Definitions Flashcards
Components of all-up mass
- basic empty mass
- variable load
- traffic load
- fuel
Basic empty mass
- empty clean aircraft
- any unusable fuel
- the full quantity of operating liquids (such as engine oil and hydraulic fluid)
- safety equipment
- supplementary electronic equipment
Variable load
- the crew and their baggage
- the catering and other removable passenger service equipment
- food and beverages
- potable water
- lavatory chemicals and any other special operational equipment
Traffic load
Combined mass of passengers and their baggage
Plus cargo and non revenue load
Dry operating mass
Basic empty mass + variable load
Useful load
Traffic load + fuel on board at takeoff
Operating mass
DRY OPERATION MASS;
(Basic empty mass + variable load)
+
Takeoff fuel
Zero fuel mass
All components - the fuel
Basic empty mass + variable load + traffic load
Max structural taxi mass / max ramp mass
Max mass of aircraft when it begins taxi
Limited by the stress on oleo shock absorbers and the strength of landing gear
Max structural take off mass
Max mass at start of take off run
Less than max taxi mass as fuel has been used on start up and taxi
To prevent excess bending and wing roots
Max in flight mass
Max inflight mass taking into account likely aerodynamic loads
Max zero fuel mass
Max mass with no fuel
Max structural landing mass
Max landing mass at landing in normal circumstances
Needing to take into account additional dynamic loads imposed by landing
Performance limited take off mass
Max take off mass to comply with departure performance limitations
- runway distance available
- min climb gradients
Performance limited landing mass
Max landing mass to comply with landing limitations
- runway distance available
- min climb gradient required in case of go around
Regulated take off mass
Max take off mass taking into account structural and performance limitations
Regulated landing mass
Max landing mass that complies with both structural and performance limitations
Block fuel
Taxi fuel Trip fuel Contingency fuel Reserve fuel - alternative reserve - final reserve Additional fuel Extra fuel
Taxi fuel
Fuel used before take off
- Apu before start up
- Fuel used during start
- Fuel allowed for ‘reasonable’ taxi distance plus allowing for stationary time with engines running
Trip fuel
Fuel planned to burn between departure and destination airport
Contingency fuel
Allows for small changes in fuel burn caused by unexpected routing, cruise levels and changes in forecast wind
Alternative reserve
Amount of fuel require from point of missed approach until landing at alternate aerodrome
Final reserve fuel
Remaining fuel that must be on board at the planned landing at planned destination
Allows for holding at 1500ft for 30 mins in a jet aircraft (45 in piston)
Additional fuel
Additional allowance to comply with specific requirements
Extra fuel
Added by aircraft commander in anticipation of delays because of;
- poor weather
- peak rush hour time
- use of anti icing
Max traffic load
Allowed take off mass = Dry operating mass - Take off fuel
