Aircraft Maintenance Fundamentals Flashcards
What are the 2 types of maintenance
Scheduled and non Scheduled
What is scheduled maintenance?
Scheduled maintenance consists of planned maintenance and inspections that are carried out at
specified intervals in accordance with an approved maintenance programme.
What is non scheduled maintenance
Non-scheduled maintenance is that which can’t be
planned. It could arise from failures, defects or damage
that occur during the day to day running of the aircraft.
What are the 3 types of maintenance frequency? What do they mean?
●Fixed life, (or hard life) is where the
maintenance interval is defined, after this time
it must be overhauled or scrapped.
● On Condition, where the life is dependent on
the condition of the item as observed at regular
periodic inspections.
● Condition Monitored, which relies on routine
surveillance and evaluation of the system
and/or component performance and failure rates.
What is an approved facility? Who is it approved by?
All work, including Repair and Overhauls must be
carried out at facilities approved by the Civil Aviation
Authority (CAA) in the case of New Zealand , this being
the CAANZ.
Name the maintenance periods
Calander time
Airframe hours
Flight cycles
Operating hours
Difference between airframe hours and operating hours
Airframe hours are calculated and recorded from take off and touch down
Operating hours is time measured from when an engine, component or unit is being operated
How are light aircraft scheduled inspections typically designated
Pre-flight; the inspection is completed before
each flight. This is usually followed by an Afterflight service, which includes aircraft
replenishments.
100 hour; the inspection is completed following
every 100 flying/airframe hours.
Annual inspections are completed once every
calendar year (12 months from date of last
annual inspection).
Progressive inspections can be used instead of
a single annual inspection if it is not
economical to have the aircraft out of service
for the time taken for an annual inspection.
Then the annual inspection can be divided into
smaller portions and spread throughout the
year
How do large commercial aircrafts break up work?
Workcards
What are the large aircraft checks
Service check
A check
B check
C check
D check
What is a service check?
Review of the Log book and
maintenance forms (i.e.
time controlled items)
Exterior visual checks.
Routine aircraft servicing,
such as checking hydraulic
fluids, engine oil & general
lubrication.
Required no more than 48
elapsed calendar hours
from the last Check
maintenance, A, B or C
Check
What is an A check
Review of the Log book and
maintenance forms.
Exterior visual checks.
Routine and specific
aircraft inspections.
Replacement of timelimited items
Required no more than 125
flight hours from the last A
and/or C Check
What is a B check
Includes A Check items,
plus calendar items
Every 3 months
What is a C check
Includes A and B Check
items.
Detailed inspections of the
aircraft, components,
engines, and appliances.
Required every 24 months
or no more than 4000 flight
hours from the last C
Check
What is a D check
Includes all C Check items.
Extensive disassembly and
opening up of the aircraft.
Weight and balance check.
Flight test after operational
checks.
no more than 9000 flight
hours or 4 calendar years,
from the last D Check
Definition of inspection
The depth of any inspection shall be sufficient to
ascertain that the item is free from any defect
detrimental to airworthiness and that it will remain
serviceable until it is next inspected on a check of the
same level.
Scheduled inspections are usually for “condition” and
“security
What is condition and security
Condition is the wear and tear of something and the condition it’s in and security is how secure it is to the aircraft
Types of inspections
In situ
Detailed inspection
Special detailed inspection
Structural inspection
Internal and external Inspection
What is an in situ inspection
Inspection of part without removal from the aircraft. Carried out within the limits of access
What is a detailed inspection
Detailed Inspection
Close intensive visual inspections of highly defined
structural details or locations searching for evidence of
structural irregularity.
What do you use for special detailed inspections?
Non-destructive tests (NDT)
What is a structural inspection
A “Structural Inspection” is an examination of an item
against a specific standard to detect irregularities and
discrepancies such as wear, deterioration, damage,
corrosion, cracking etc.
e. External & Inte
Difference between functional test and inspection
Functional check is operating the system where as inspection is not operating
What does replacement mean
To remove an item and install a new serviceable item
What does it mean to repair a component
To repair is to restore a defective component to a
serviceable or airworthy condition
Components fixed life is not reset
What does overhaul mean
To carry out a strip, inspection, refurbish and test of an
item to restore it to an ‘as new’ condition
Fixed life is reset
What does adjust mean
To change something to make it more satisfactory or to make it operate better
What does it mean to test something
To submit it to conditions that shows it quality, strength, ect
What causes non scheduled maintenance?
●Hard landings
Overstress conditions
Turbulence
Flight through volcanic ash
Overweight landing
Excessive speed
Bird strike
Lightning strike
Foreign Object Damage (FOD)
Who approves the AMM of an aircraft
The nation’s aviation administration
What is maintenance work in accordance with?
CAANZ (Civil aviation administration New Zealand)
What are the 3 presentations of publications
Hard copy (paper)
On-line (web/Lan based)
CD ROM (Compact disk read-only memory) literally a CD
What are the 5 manuals
AMM
IPC
SRM (Structual repair manual)
WM OR WDM(wire diagram manual)
FCOM(flight crew operating manual)
How is additional information provided from the manufacturer
Service bulletins (sb) (optional)
Modification leaflets (mods)
Airworthiness directive (AD) (mandatory)
What is aircraft effectivity and where is it found
Serial number of aircraft and found on data plate located on the aircraft somewhere
What is ammendments wnd where are they located
Changes to document located at the top of page
What does LEP mean
List of effective pages
What is the ATA chapter system order
Chapter/system number
Sub-system number
Unit number
Page number
What does ATA stand for
Aviation Transport Association
What are release notes and certificates used for
Each part fitted to an aircraft must have a release note
or a certificate. The release notes and certificates serve
two very important functions:
They provide evidence that aircraft
components conform to approved standards
or that work has been performed in accordance
with approved standards
They enable aircraft components/parts to be
traced back through the stages of
manufacture, distribution and maintenance.
Difference between release note and certificates
A release note is for batches eg screws, washers, loose things and certificates are for whole single units with serial numbers
What parts have tech log books
1 for each engine
1 for each propeller
1 for the aircraft
What are duplicate inspections used for
Used for any maintenance and changes to critical systems.
Critical systems are:
Adjustable Horizontal Stabiliser
Elevators and tabs
Rudder and tabs
Ailerons and tabs
Leading and trailing edge flaps and slats
Spoilers (ground & flight)
Engine thrust (forward and reverse)
Propellers
Nose and Main wheel steering system where it
affects flight controls.
Pitot/Static system quick disconnects
Control systems that are activated by “Fly by
Wire” technology.
Wiring, servo plugs and connectors associated
with flight control and computer controlled
Systems
What are workcards used for
Breaking up bigger tasks
What are all the labels
Serviceable labels
Unservicable labels
Quarantine labels
Why are labels used
If ANY part is removed for any reason from an aircraft, it MUST be labelled as to where it came from, why it was
removed, what its current status is, and who removed it.
Why do we need engineering drawings
Engineering drawings convey technical information
about an item, which is in a form that can be
understood by suitably trained engineers
Who authorizes the engineering drawings
The company’s drawing office. They are drawn, checked and authorised by qualified
individuals, who ensure that all the requirements of the
engineering task are covered in the drawing. Only then
is the drawing issued for use
What are the 2 types of engineering drawing headings
“Production” and “working” drawings
What is a detail drawing
A detail drawing supplies all the technical information required to construct a single part
What is an assembly drawing
An assembly drawing depicts the relationship between a number of individual parts.
Is a 3D diagram of part
What is an installation drawing
An instalation drawing us usually drawn in 3D or has a 3D element to it. This is in order to show how an assembly goes together and it’s relationship to other parts of the aircraft
What is orthographic projection
A 3d object in 2 dimensions
Does America use 1st or 3rd angle projection
3rd angle projection
What is an isometric drawings
A 3d drawing with the front and side edges at an angle of 30⁰ from the horizontal line
What is an oblique drawing
A 3d drawing with the front and side edges at an angle of 45⁰ from the horizontal line
What is a perspective drawing
A true life representation of an object. Has a vanishing point
What is a auxiliary view
An auxiliary view is often used on detailed drawings, to
show the true shape of an inclined plane or a view that
is not clearly covered by conventional orthographic
projection views
What is a sectioned view
A sectioned view of an object is typically used to show
hidden detail or internal features on a detailed or
assembly drawing
What is an exploded view
Exploded views are commonly found in Illustrated
Parts Catalogues and Maintenance Manuals. They
show a 3D relationship of parts as they are assembled
