AIRCRAFT HARDWARE Flashcards
AN
Air-force Navy
AMS
AERONAUTICAL MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
AND
Air Force-Navy Design
AS
Aeronautical Standard
ASA
American Standard Association
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials
MS
Military Standard
NAF
Naval Aircraft Factory
NAS
National Aerospace Standard
SAE
Society of Automotive Engineers
-the most common technique of joining sheets of aluminum is riveting.
- a rivet is any type of fastener that obtains its clamping action by having one of its ends mechanically upset.
- rivets create a union at least as strong as the material being joined.
- a well-designed rivet joint will subject the rivets to shear loads.
Rivets
the amount of force that is needed to cut a rivet into two
Shear Strength
the amount of force
that will cause the rivet to tear out from the metal
Bearing Strength
- Numbering System (AN or MS20 system)
- 3 Digit-Rivet Head Design
- 1or2Digit-AlloyMaterial
- ShankDiameter1/32increments
- Griplength1/16increment
RIVET CODE
is the total thickness of the material held together by the rivet.
Grip Length
should be used three times the thickness of the thick sheet
Diameter
Universal Head – replaces all protruding head designs
AN470
Round Head – used extensively before 1955
AN430
Flat Head – Internal Structures
AN442
Brazier Head
AN455
Modified Brazier Head
AN456
Flush Head (Countersunk 100deg)
AN426
Nonstructural assemblies
Rivet Material: A
Magnesium alloy parts only
Rivet Material: B
Boeing Company
Rivet Material: E
AKA Field Rivets; requires No Heat Treatment
Rivet Material: AD
Icebox rivets – must be completely within 15 minutes after removal from the
freezer or dry ice
Rivet Material : D & DD
Corrosion-resistant steel -no head marking
Rivet Material: F
Monel - two recessed dimples - used in place of corrosion-resistant steel rivets.
Rivet Material: M
Titanium - raised “V” or “T” - used for fastening steel and titanium alloy.
Rivet Material: T
- Do not use a lower-strength rivet alloy as a replacement for a higher-strength alloy unless it is larger than the one that was removed.
- Enlarged, deformed, or damaged holes should use the next larger rivet size as a replacement.
- The same degree of countersunk must be used
- RivetDiameter
Maximum rivet diameter = 3 times the thickness of the thickest sheet - Rivet Length = 1.5D+ grip length (thickness of 2 plates)
RIVETS SELECTION
-develop the maximum strength from the sheet metal as determined by the amount of load that the sheet metal must carry.
-is a critical factor so the drilled holes do not weaken the joint.
RIVET LAYOUT PATTERN
metal sheet will tear out in extreme conditions
Edge distance: too close to edge
metal sheet separates; contaminants enter the join causing corrosion for instance (Accepeted practice: 2D-4D)
Egde Distance:too far to edge
the distance between adjacent rivets in a row. (Accepeted practice: 3D-12D)
Rivet pitch
the distance between rows of rivets in a multi-row layout. (Accepted practice: 75% RP if staggered, RP=TP , If not staggered)
Transverse Pitch
safer to use; less chances of electric shock and arcing; motor speed is controlled by varying trigger pressure *start slow- hole forms- use faster speed.
Pneumatic Drills
topn sheet thicker than tapered head. (Tool: standard counter sink, microstop countersink (adjustable))
Countersinking
a high speed milling tool useful in shaving heads of rivets to obtain accurate flush fit.
Microshaver
top sheet thinner than tapered head
Dimpling (hot/cold)
it has Forging action
Coin Dimpling
it has Folding action
Radius Dimpling
is a process that mechanically “dents” the sheets being joined to accommodate the rivet head
DIMPLING
Fast, light blow; small rivets
Short Stroke Gun
Slow/one shot heavy blow
Long stroke Gun
radius of depression in the set must be larger than that rivet head, but not so large that edges of the set contract the surface of the metal.
Rivet Set
when rivet is driven, the actual compression of the rivet is the actual compression of the rivet is not performed by the action of the rivet gun, instead, the rivet is backed up by a metal bar that reciprocates in response to the beats of the rivet gun.
Bucking Bar
are installed with access to only one end of the rivet
blind rivets
an early form of the blind rivet. It cannot replace solid shank rivets size for size and must be at least one size larger in diameter.
Cherry friction-lock rivet
useful for temporarily lining up holes; used in some homebuilt aircraft
Pop Rivets
designed to prevent the center stem of a rivet from falling out via lock ring as a result of vibration encountered during aircraft operation.
Mechanical lock Rivets
first mechanical lock rivet; limited to aircraft manufacturers and large repair facilities
Huck-Lok
requires a special pulling tool per size and head shape.
Bulbed CherryLOCK
lightweight,spindle-type blind rivet; less expensive, only 3 installation tools are required
Olympic-Lok
economical and replaces solid shank rivets size for size; installed by a one-size puller for all sizes.
CherryMAX
high-strength and lightweight fastener that can be used in place of conventional AN bolts and nuts. Held in place by a collar, squeezed into position instead of being screwed on like a nut.
SPECIAL FASTENERS
for both shear and tension applications
Lock Bolts
withstand bearing and shearing loads
Hi-Lok Bolts
excellent strength to weight ratio; lighter
Hi-Lite Fastener
one-piece fastener made of 2 titanium alloys
CherryBUCK
strongest; creates radial and vertical compression
Taper Lok
has a bead at the threaded end; preloads the hole to strengthen the joint
Hi Tigue Fastener
high strength structural fastener
Jo Bolts
threaded rivets; attach rubber deicer boots to aircraft wing and tail surfaces
Rivnuts
secure inspection plates, doors cowlings and other removable panels on aircraft.
Turn-lock fasteners
- unlike rivets and pins, threaded fasteners may be disassembled and reassembled an almost infinite number of times.
- Aircraft bolts, screws and nuts
THREADED FASTENERS
loose fit – fingers only – wing nuts
CLASS OF FIT: Class 1
free fit - screws
CLASS OF FIT: Class 2
medium fit – aircraft bolts
CLASS OF FIT: Class 3
close fit – requires wrench
CLASS OF FIT: Class 4
tight fit – requires wrench
CLASS OF FIT: Class 5
The hole is larger than the shaft, enabling the two parts to slide and/or rotate when assembled.
Clearance Fit
- The hole is fractionally smaller than the shaft and mild force is required to assemble/disassemble
Transition Fit
The hole is smaller than the shaft and high force and/or heat is required to assemble/disassemble
Interference Fit