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SPL > Aircraft General Knowledge > Flashcards

Aircraft General Knowledge Flashcards

Basic Instruments/Powerplant

1
Q

pitot static instruments

A

airspeed indicator / altimeter / vertical speed indicator

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2
Q

gyroscopic instruments

A

attitude indicator / turn indicator / heading indicator

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3
Q

force used to determine airspeed

A

dynamic pressure

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4
Q

dynamic pressure is equal to

A

(P total - P static) or (Pitot tube - static port)

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5
Q

ambient atmospheric pressure || pressure exerted in all directions

A

static pressure

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6
Q

measures total pressure

A

pitot tube

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7
Q

measures static pressure

A

static port

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8
Q

device for measuring the forward speed of the aircraft

A

airspeed indicator

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9
Q

speed read on the ASI

A

indicated airspeed

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10
Q

IAS corrected for installation and instrument error

A

calibrated airspeed

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11
Q

CAS corrected for altitude and non-standard temperature

A

true airspeed

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12
Q

TAS adjusted for wind

A

ground speed

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13
Q

instrument for determining altitude

A

altimeter

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14
Q

altitude read on the altimeter

A

indicated altitude

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15
Q

actual height above mean sea level

A

true altitude

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16
Q

actual height of the airplane above the Earth’s surface over which it is flying

A

absolute altitude

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17
Q

altitude when altimeter is set to 29.92 in Hg

A

pressure altitude

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18
Q

altitude corrected for non standard temperature

A

density altitude

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19
Q

QNH

A

query nautical height || local altitude pressure

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20
Q

QNE

A

query nulla est || 29.92 in Hg is set at higher altitudes

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21
Q

QFE

A

query field elevation || altimeter should display 0 when landed

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22
Q

instrument that indicates the rate of climb or descent

A

vertical speed indicator

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23
Q

if pitot tube is blocked

A

total pressure is undetermined / altimeter and airspeed moves the same way

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24
Q

it static port is blocked

A

static pressure is unknown / altimeter, vsi, and asi will be inaccurate

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25
Q

characteristic of a gyroscope

A

fast spinning

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26
Q

principles of a gyroscopic instrument

A

rigidity in space / precession

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27
Q

tilting/turning as a result of external forces

A

precession

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28
Q

instrument used to reference the aircraf’s pitch and bank against an artificial horizon

A

attitude indicator

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29
Q

instrument that displays the rate of turn and is used to determine the coordination of a turn and the bank angle required for a specific rate of turn

A

turn coordinator

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30
Q

standard rate of turn

A

360 degrees in 2 minutes / 3 degrees per second

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31
Q

coordinated turn

A

rate of turn and bank angle are proportionate (step on the ball)

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32
Q

skid

A

rate of turn is too great for the bank angle (ball out of turn)

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33
Q

slip

A

rate of turn is too slow for the bank angle (ball towards the turn)

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34
Q

instrument used to determine aircraft direction to aid the pilot in navigation

A

heading indicator

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35
Q

seventh instrument that is self contained and does not require to be checked for leaks

A

magnetic compass

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36
Q

magnetic compass is filled with what fluid

A

ethyl alcohol

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37
Q

why is magnetic compass filled with fluid

A

to avoid freezing at lower temperatures and dampen the oscillation of the float and card

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38
Q

latitude and longitude are based on true directions meaning they provide a constant horizontal and vertical plane with which to reference on maps and charts

A

variation

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39
Q

line that connects points of equal variation on a map

A

isogonic line

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40
Q

line that has a variation of 0 degrees

A

agonic line

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41
Q

best way to remember variation errors in magnetic compass

A

west is best, east is least

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42
Q

local magnetic fields in an aircraft is caused by electrical current flowing in the structure, in nearby wing, or any magnetized part of the structure cause a compass error

A

deviation

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43
Q

compass tends to dip toward the magnetic pole, most dominant as latitude increases

A

magnetic dip

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44
Q

when turning from a northerly heading

A

the compass will initially turn the opposite direction and then catch up by due east/west

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45
Q

when turning from a southerly heading

A

the compass will indicate a turn in the proper direction but will lead the actual heading, slowing down by due east/west

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46
Q

when the aircraft accelerates on a heading of east/west

A

inertia causes the weight to lag, and the card rotates toward north

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47
Q

when the aircraft decelerates on a heading of east/west

A

inertia causes the weight to move ahead, and the card rotates to the south

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48
Q

provides the necessary source of power for the flight of airplanes

A

powerplant

49
Q

engines used by light airplanes that are higher, simpler, and cost effective

A

reciprocating engines

50
Q

ignites a mixture of air and fuel

A

spark plug

51
Q

used for spark ignition for reciprocating engines for airplanes

A

spark plug

52
Q

involves compressing the mixture to raise its temperature to a point where automatic ignition occurs, such as in diesel engines

A

compression ignition

53
Q

types of cylinder arrangements

A

radial / inline / v-type / opposed

54
Q

types of operating cycle

A

two stroke / four stroke

55
Q

methods of cooling

A

liquid cooled / air cooled

56
Q

poor power to weight ratio || if air cooled, the rear cylinders receive much less cooling air

A

inline engine

57
Q

very compact, has minimal weight, and excellent air cooling || frontal large area is a penalty for performance

A

radial engine

58
Q

extremely powerful || a complex machinery that requires a liquid cooling system

A

v-type engine

59
Q

widely used engine in light airplanes || light and compact || has limited power

A

opposed type engine

60
Q

main components of a reciprocating engine

A

crankshaft / crank case / connecting rod / cylinder / piston / spark plug / exhaust valve / intake valve

61
Q

four stroke cycle

A

intake / compression / power / exhaust

62
Q

indicates the revolutions per minute performed by the crankshaft

A

tachometer

63
Q

aircraft needs more ______ than _______

A

torque , power

64
Q

controls the RPM

A

throttle

65
Q

regulates the amount of fuel and air mixture sent to the cylinders

A

throttle

66
Q

progressive burning of the whole mixture contained in the cylinder, from the moment it is ignited by the spark plugs, to the point where the exhaust valves are open

A

normal combustion

67
Q

ensures a smooth build up of temperature and pressure and guarantees that the engine delivers the maximum possible power

A

normal combustion

68
Q

an uncontrolled, explosive combustion of the mixture, which may cause excessive pressures and temperatures in the combustion chamber, and excessive stress onto the piston, cylinder, and valves

A

detonation

69
Q

cause of detonation

A

lower than usual fuel octane/compression ratio of fuel

70
Q

occurs when the mixture ignites ahead of the normal timing

A

pre-ignition

71
Q

cause of pre-ignition

A

residual hot spot in the combustion chamber

72
Q

how to clean deposits

A

lean the mixture, push for higher RPM

73
Q

high temperatures may cause fuel to vaporize inside the fuel lines or the carburetor, forming bubbles which cause momentary losses of power or even stall the engine

A

vapor lock

74
Q

caused by contamination of fuel by water

A

fuel lock

75
Q

changes in temperature may cause the condensation of the humidity contained in the air from the fuel tanks, particularly if partially filled

A

fuel lock

76
Q

this system’s purpose is to mix air from the outside with fuel in correct proportions before sending this mixture to the cylinders

A

induction system

77
Q

fuel and air are mixed before it is sent towards the intake manifold

A

carburetor

78
Q

fuel is injected directly into the cylinders

A

fuel injection

79
Q

carburetor icing indication

A

gradual loss of power followed by engine roughness

80
Q

carburetor icing temperature and humidity

A

21 C and 70% humidity

81
Q

cold air - density relationship

A

cold air = more dense = cold air sinks

82
Q

hot air - density relationship

A

hot air = less dense = hot air rises

83
Q

methods used to restore a higher air pressure and thus greatly improve performance

A

turbocharging and supercharging

84
Q

incorporates a turbine, which is driven by exhaust gases, and a compressor that pressurizes the incoming air

A

turbocharger

85
Q

system that provides the spark needed to ignite the fuel and air mixture in the combustion chamber

A

ignition system

86
Q

parts of the ignition system

A

magnetos / spark plug / ignition switch / wirings

87
Q

source of electrical power at the center of the ignition system

A

magnetos

88
Q

engine driven device totally independent from the airplane’s electrical system

A

magnetos

89
Q

system that keeps the temperature of the running engine has to be kept within acceptable limits

A

engine cooling

90
Q

system that lubricates the engine’s moving parts, reducing both wear and running temperature

A

oil system

91
Q

oil is contained in a separate tank, circulated through the engine with the help of a pump

A

dry sump oil system

92
Q

all oil is carried in a sump which is an integral part of the engine

A

wet sump oil system

93
Q

designed to provide an uninterrupted flow of clean fuel from the fuel tanks to the engine, in all conditions of flight, and during all approved maneuvers

A

fuel system

94
Q

uses the force of gravity to transfer fuel to the engine

A

gravity feed system

95
Q

used to vaporize fuel directly into the cylinders during cold starts

A

fuel primer

96
Q

engine driven pump draws fuel from the tanks and sends it to the engine

A

fuel pump system

97
Q

used during engine start, for fuel pump system, and in the event the main fuel pump fails

A

electric pump

98
Q

avgas 100 color

A

green

99
Q

avgas 100LL color

A

blue

100
Q

system that supplies electricity to all aircraft systems apart from the engine

A

electrical system

101
Q

components of an electrical system

A

alternator / battery / battery switch / alternator switch / bus bar / voltage regulator / ammeter / all associated wiring

102
Q

AC explanation

A

two way current

103
Q

DC explanation

A

one way current

104
Q

part of the electrical system driven by the engine’s crankshaft through a belt

A

alternator

105
Q

stores a limited quantity of electricity used before engine start and in case of emergency

A

battery

106
Q

monitors the airplane’s electrical system

A

ammeter

107
Q

ammeter full scale minus

A

alternator has failed

108
Q

ammeter full scale plus

A

regulator has failed

109
Q

two part switch controlling both the alternator and the battery

A

master switch

110
Q

comprises of switches and the fuses and/or circuit breakers associated with the various electrical systems

A

bus bar

111
Q

an airfoil subjected to aerodynamic principles such as drag or stall

A

propeller

112
Q

thrust through the propeller depends on

A

shape of the propeller / angle of attack / rpm of the engine

113
Q

angle of incidence of a propeller blade

A

pitch

114
Q

part of the propeller that allows for uniform thrust to be created from hub to tip

A

twist

115
Q

effect of small pitch propeller

A

more efficient during climb

116
Q

effect of high pitch propeller

A

high speed and low fuel consumption during cruise

117
Q

propeller that allows to vary the pitch

A

constant pitch propeller

118
Q

part of the propeller that automatically adjusts the pitch during cruise to maintain constant RPM despite changing air loads

A

governor

119
Q

type of propeller wherein power controlled by the throttle is monitored by a manifold pressure gauge

A

constant speed propeller

SPL (5 decks)

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