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Airframe Systems 1 > Aircraft fuel > Flashcards

Aircraft fuel Flashcards

1
Q

What is AVGAS or Aviation Gasoline?

A
  • USED IN RECIPROCATING (PISTON) ENGINES
  • MORE VOLATILE AND FLAMMABLE THAN TURBINE FUEL BECAUSE OF CONTINUOUS AND REPETITIVE IGNITION USED IN A RECIPROCATING ENGINE
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2
Q

Vaporization increases as:

A
  • AMBIENT PRESSURE DECREASES

- AMBIENT TEMPERATURE INCREASES

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3
Q

THE ________ PRESSURE TESTER IS USED TO MEASURE THE VOLATILITY OF A FUEL

A

REID VAPOUR

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4
Q

AVGAS IS LIMITED TO ____ PSI ON THE REID TESTER TO LIMIT VAPOUR LOCK

A

7 psi

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5
Q

NORMALLY FUEL REMAINS IN A LIQUID STATE UNTIL IT IS MIXED WITH THE AIR STREAM, WHERE IT CHANGES TO VAPOUR

UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS THE FUEL CAN VAPOURIZE BEFORE IT REACHES THE AIR STREAM

A

Vapor lock

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6
Q

3 General causes of vapour lock?

A

Lowering pressure of fuel (High Altitudes)

High Fuel Temperature (Heat from the engine)

Excessive fuel turbulence

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7
Q

How to stop Vapor Lock?

A

-KEEP FUEL LINES AWAY FROM:

> SOURCES OF HEAT
SHARP BENDS
STEEP RISES

-BOOST PUMPS

> KEEP FUEL UNDER PRESSURE TO ENGINE DRIVEN PUMP

-VAPOUR ELIMINATORS

> INSTALLED IN SOME SYSTEMS AHEAD OF METERING DEVICE ( CARB / FCU)

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8
Q

What is carb icing?

A
  • WHEN FUEL VAPOURIZES IT EXTRACTS HEAT FROM ITS SURROUNDINGS
  • THE MORE VOLATILE THE FUEL THE MORE RAPID THE HEAT EXTRACTION
  • THE RAPID DROP IN TEMPERATURE AS THE FUEL VAPOURIZES MAY FREEZE THE MOISTURE OF THE INCOMING AIR
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9
Q

How to eliminated carb icing?

A

-PISTON ENGINES HAVE CARB HEAT AND/OR AIR INLET HEAT, CONTROLLED BY THE PILOT, TO ELIMINATE ICE BUILDUP

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10
Q

What is Detonation?

A

A RAPID UNCONTROLLED EXPLOSION OF FUEL DUE TO HIGH PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE

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11
Q

How to prevent detonation?

A
  • IT CAN BE REDUCED BY INCREASING THE OCTANE RATING OF THE FUEL
  • THE HIGHER THE OCTANE RATING THE MORE COMPRESSION THE FUEL/AIR MIXTURE CAN STAND WITH OUT DETONATING
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12
Q

What is added to the fuel to increase octane rating?

A

TETRAETHYL LEAD

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13
Q

Three grades of AVGAS

A

80/87 identified as 80 RED

100/130 identified as 100 GREEN

100LL identified as 100LL BLUE

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14
Q

80/87 What is the indication of the first number?

A

Lean mixture rating

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15
Q

80/87 What is the indication of the second number?

A

Rich mixture rating

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16
Q

WHICH BURNS HOTTER, A LEAN OR A RICH MIXTURE?

A

A LEAN MIXTURE BURNS HOTTER AND WILL DETONATE SOONER THAT’S WHY THE LOWER OCTANE RATING IS FOR THE LEAN MIXTURE SETTING

17
Q

What is Turbine fuel?

A
  • TURBINE OR JET FUEL IS MADE FROM THE HEAVIER HYDROCARBONS THAN AVGAS AND HAS MORE SULPHUR IN IT
  • COLOURLESS / NO DYE ADDED (yellowish or straw-coloured hue from the sulphur)
  • Less volatile that AVGAS and has different volatility ratings
18
Q

What are the three types of turbine fuels?

A

Jet A

  • Least Volatile (only used in US and Canada, -40)
  • Kerosene Blend

Jet A-1

  • More volatile (used anywhere)(-47 freezing point)
  • Kerosene Blend

Jet B

  • KEROSENE/GASOLINE BLEND FOR COLD WEATHER OPERATION
  • (used only in ALASKA, RUSSIA and NORTH CANADA, -50)
19
Q

High volatile is needed for _____.

A

COLD WEATHER STARTS AND AERIAL RESTARTS

20
Q

Low Volatile is needed to _____.

A

reduce vapour lock

21
Q

Water is always a problem in Turbine fuel, what is a DISSOLVED water?

A

Water forms part of the fuel just like water vapour and cannot be removed in the fuel.

22
Q

Water is always a problem in Turbine fuel, what is a FREE water?

A

Droplets floating on the fuel and gives a cloudy appearance on the fuel.

23
Q

WHEN FUEL TEMPERATURE DROPS TO BELOW FREEZING, ________ TURNS TO ICE CRYSTALS

A

DISSOLVED WATER

24
Q

HIGH FLYING AIRCRAFT HAVE _________ TO LET THE CREW KNOW WHEN THE FUEL IS GETTING TOO COLD.

A

FUEL TEMPERATURE PROBES

25
Q

I the temperature is too low, fuel can be preheated before going to the engine BY USING?

A

Hot bleed air from the engine or Engine oil

26
Q

FUEL FILTERS MUST HAVE BYPASS AND ________ SWITCH TO WARN FLIGHT CREW OF FILTER CLOGGING

A

DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE SWITCH

27
Q

How to prevent Microbial Growth on the tank?

A

ADDITIVES AND THE ELIMINATION OF WATER CAN PREVENT ALGAE GROWTH.

Airframe Systems 1 (12 decks)

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