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Aircraft Materials Construction and Repair > Aircraft Basic Construction > Flashcards

Aircraft Basic Construction Flashcards

1
Q

defined as any machine that can
derive support in the atmosphere
from the reactions of the air other
than the reactions of the air against
the earth’s surface

A

aircraft

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2
Q

Major Categories of Aircraft

A

Airplane, Rotorcraft, Glider, Lighter-than-Air Vehicles

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3
Q

Major Components of a Fixed-Wing Aircraft

A

Wings, Fuselage, Powerplant, Empennage, Landing Gear

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4
Q

Primary Flight Controls of a Fixed-Wing Aircraft

A

Aileron, Rudder, Elevator

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5
Q

Secondary Flight Controls of a Fixed-Wing Aircraft

A

Flaps, Trim Tabs, Balance Tabs, Anti-Balance Tabs, Servo Tabs, Spoilers, Slots, Slats, Leading Edge Flaps

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6
Q

Major Components of Rotary Aircraft

A

Airframe, Fuselage, Landing Gear, Transmission, Main Rotor Assembly, Tail Rotor Assembly

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7
Q

called to any American Air Force Aircraft that is used to transport the president of the United States of America

A

The Air Force One

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8
Q

used for as MedEvac, command and control, and air assault; to transport personnel and material; and as gunships

A

UH-1 Iroquois “Huey”

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9
Q

all-metal, tricycle-gear airplane
introduced by Cessna Aircraft
Company in 1959

A

Cessna 150/152

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10
Q

Four Diverse Forms of Cessna 150/152

A

Standard, Coach, Commuter, Patroller

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11
Q

World’s Premier Trainer

A

Cessna 150

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12
Q

wings on this type of flying machine are attached to the fuselage and are not intended to move independently in a fashion that results in the creation of lift

A

Fixed-Wing Aircraft

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13
Q

Parts of a Helicopter Airframe

A

fuselage, main rotor, related gearbox, tail rotor, landing gear

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14
Q

earliest aircraft were constructed primarily of ______ followed by ______ and ______

A

wood, steel tubing, aluminum

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15
Q

many newly certified aircraft are built from molded composite materials such as _______

A

carbon fiber

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16
Q

The skin of aircraft can also be made from a variety of materials, ranging from

A

impregnated fabric to plywood, aluminum, or composites

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17
Q

are airfoils that, when moved rapidly through the air, create lift

A

wings

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18
Q

affects the lateral stability of the aircraft

A

dihedral angle

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19
Q

provides the structural connection for the wings and tail assembly

A

fuselage

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20
Q

French for “single-shell”

A

monocoque

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21
Q

Two Types of Fuselage

A

Truss Type, Monocoque Type

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22
Q

rigid framework made up of members, such as beams, struts, and bars to resist deformation by applied loads; generally covered with fabric

A

Truss Type

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23
Q

relies largely on the strength of the skin or covering to carry the primary loads

A

Monocoque Type

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24
Q

Classes of Monocoque Type

A

Monocoque, Semi-Monocoque

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25
Q

made up of longeron, diagonal web members, and vertical web members

A

Truss Type

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26
Q

made up of only skin, former, and bulkhead

A

Monocoque

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27
Q

heaviest of these structural members are located at intervals to carry concentrated loads and at points where fittings are used to attach other units

A

Monocoque

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28
Q

made up of longeron, skin bulkhead, and stringer

A

Semi-Monocoque

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29
Q

typically made of aluminum alloy either of a single piece or a built-up construction; usually extend across several frame members and help the skin support primary bending loads

A

Longerons

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30
Q

attached to the back of the vertical stabilizer and is used to move the airplane’s nose left and right during flight

A

Rudder

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31
Q

attached to the back of the horizontal stabilizer and is used to move the nose of the airplane up and down during flight

A

Elevator

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32
Q

small, movable portions of the trailing edge of the control surface; reduces control pressure and are controlled from the flight deck

A

Trim Tabs

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33
Q

Types of Aircraft Tail

A

Standard Tail, Twin Tail, T-Tail, V-Butterfly-Tail

34
Q

primary function is to provide power to turn the propeller; also generates electrical power and provides vacuum source for some flight instruments

A

engine

35
Q

usually includes both engine and propeller

A

Powerplant

36
Q

provides a source of heat for the pilot and passengers

A

engine

37
Q

streamlines the flow of air around the engine and helps cool the engine by ducting air around the cylinders

A

nacelle or cowling

38
Q

Propeller Location

A

Tractor, Pusher

39
Q

Engine Number

A

Single engine, Double engine, Triple engine, Four (multiple) engine

40
Q

Engine Type

A

Turbojet, Turboprop, Turboshaft, Turbofan (low-bypass), Turbofan (high-bypass), Ramjet

41
Q

principal support of the airplane when parked, taxiing, taking off, or landing

A

Landing Gear

42
Q

Landing gear with a rear mounted
wheel; sometimes referred to as tailwheel airplanes

A

conventional landing gear

43
Q

permits the airplane to be controlled throughout all operations while on the ground

A

steerable nosewheel or tailwheel

44
Q

Classifications of Landing Gear

A

Skid, Take-off Trolley, Track, Ski, Air-Cushion, Floater

45
Q

Landing Gear Arrangements

A

Single Main, Bicycle, Quadricycle, Tricycle, Tail-Gear, Multi-Bogey, Releasable Rail, Skid

46
Q

Non-Shock Absorbing Landing Gear

A

Leaf type spring gear, Rigid, Bungee cord

47
Q

Non-shock absorbing struts made from steel, aluminum, or composite material transfer the impact forces of landing to the airframe at a non-damaging rate

A

Leaf type spring gear

48
Q

Shock load transfer to the airframe is direct with
this design; uses pneumatic tires; no cord

A

Rigid

49
Q

tires that aids in softening impact loads

A

pneumatic tires

50
Q

Shock load transfer to the airframe is direct with
this design; uses pneumatic tires; positioned between the rigid airframe structure and the flexing gear assembly to take up the loads and return them to the airframe at a non-damaging rate

A

Bungee Cord

51
Q

self-contained hydraulic units that support an aircraft while on the ground and protect the structure during landing

A

shock struts

52
Q

consists of two telescoping tubes with sealed ends; partially filled with hydraulic fluid and partially with compressed air or nitrogen

A

oleo-pneumatic (air-oil) shock strut

53
Q

Types of Specialized Landing Gear

A

Rough Field, Soft Field

54
Q

attached to the trailing edge of both wings and when moved, rotate the aircraft around the longitudinal axis

A

ailerons

55
Q

attached to the trailing edge of the horizontal stabilizer; when moved, alters the aircraft pitch

A

elevator

56
Q

attitude about the horizontal or lateral axis

A

aircraft pitch

57
Q

hinged to the trailing edge of the vertical stabilizer; when it changes position, the aircraft rotates about the vertical axis

A

rudder

58
Q

controls yaw, along vertical axis

A

rudder

59
Q

controls pitch, along lateral axis

A

elevator

60
Q

controls roll, along longitudinal axis

A

aileron

61
Q

produce lift as the result of the aircraft’s speed and the shape of the wing which is not always static

A

wings

62
Q

aircraft that generates forward thrust

A

fixed-wing aircraft

63
Q

Wings blended into the fuselage generates more lift and less drag

A

blended wing bodies

64
Q

opposite of the flying wing that it incorporates a fuselage that produces lift; basically a huge wing with no fuselage

A

lifting body

65
Q

designed without a tail nor definite fuselage

A

flying wing aircrafts

66
Q

aircraft that generates vertical thrust

A

rotary wing aircraft

67
Q

engine-powered propeller to produce thrust and an unpowered rotor which is driven by autorotation

A

Autogyros

68
Q

generate vertical take-off and landing but they utilize propellers that are mounted on small wings to create forward flight and act as anti-torque device against the rotary blades

A

Gyrodyne

69
Q

not powered by an engine and needed to be dropped from another aircraft; once dropped, it uses autorotation to keep aloft

A

rotor kite

70
Q

can be made of either metal, wood, or composite materials, or some combination of the two

A

airframe

71
Q

powerplant used for rotary aircraft also ranges from _____________ type of engines

A

piston to gas turbine

72
Q

commonly designed landing gear for rotary aircraft

A

skids

73
Q

rotating part of the rotary aircraft that generates
lift

A

main rotor assembly

74
Q

primarily composed of the stabilizers and anti-torque rotor that produces thrust to oppose torque of main rotor; responsible for yaw of rotary aircraft

A

tail rotor assembly

75
Q

flight control inputs of a rotary aircraft

A

collective lever, cyclic stick, anti-torque pedals

76
Q

located in the inboard trailing edge of wings; extends the camber of the wing for greater lift and slower flight; allows control at low speeds for short field takeoffs and landings

A

flaps, leading edge flap

77
Q

reduces the force needed to move a primary control surface

A

trim tabs, balance tabs

78
Q

increases feel and effectiveness of primary control surface

A

anti-balance tabs

79
Q

assists or provides the force for moving a primary flight control

A

servo tabs

80
Q

decreases lift; can augment aileron function

A

spoilers

81
Q

located in the mid to outboard leading edge of wing; extends the camber of the wing for greater lift and slower flight; allows control at low speeds for short field takeoffs and landings

A

slats

82
Q

directs air over upper surface of wing during high angle of attack; lowers stall speed and provides control during slow flight

A

slots

Aircraft Materials Construction and Repair (3 decks)

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