air quality Flashcards
what is comfort to occupants
can mean different things to different people, but it is to carry out any activity without feeling to hot or cold
what factors affect environmental variables
- Room temp
- airflow
- humidity
- radiation
- indoor air quality
what is good air quality
- sufficient oxygen
- absence of impurities
what are impurities in the air
- dust
- pollen
- odors
- hazardous mats
OSHA?
occupational safety and health administration
ASHRAE
American society of heating, refrigeration, and air conditioning engineers
IEQ
indoor environmental quality
WHO
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
what percent is BRI and what percent is SBS
BRI 25%, BSB 75%
what is BRI
llness from exposure to biological,physical, chemical agents
3 catergories of BRI
- airborne infectious dieseases
-hypersensitivity diseases - toxic reactions
what are some infectious airborne diseases
- pontiac fever
- tuberculosis
- measles
- rubella
- chicken pox
- influenza
- common cold
hypersensitivity diseases
- allergic asthma
- allergic rhinitis
- hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- skin disorder
toxic reactions
- carbon monoxide
- pesticides
- poor organ function
- cancer
SBS symptoms
- eye nose throat irritation
- sensation of dry mucous membranes
- dry, itching, red skin
- headaches / mental fatigue
- airway infections and cough
- nausea and diziness
- unspecific hypersensitivity
how much money loss do to SBS
- 1-4 billion allergies and asthma
- 6-9 billion respiratory disease
- 10-20 billion SBS symptoms
SBS often found in…
- mechanical ventilated buildings
- buildings with carpets
- buildings built in 1970s
- public sector buildings
- open-plan spaces
- ventilation rate lvl
- perception of stuffy or dry air
what is the minimum recomended ventilation rate
10 liters/second/person
SBS symptoms associated with
- air conditioning
- job stress
- allergies/asthma
- low ventilation rates
- carpets
- occupant density
- video display terminal use (VDT)
indoor pollutants
combustion products
from heating and cooking
major indoor pollutant
principle combustion
- smoke
- water vapor
- CO2
- CO
- nitrogen oxides
- SO2
- coal smoke
- oil fumes
CO
- colourless, odourless gas
- from incomplete combustion
- toxic
- from some sort of heater
nitrogen oxides sources
- gas fueled cookers
- fires
- water heaters
- space heaters
- oil fired space heaters
SO2
- colourless, bad smell gas
- product of coal and oil heaters
- respiratory problems
coal smoke
- contains organic compounds
- lung cancer
oil fumes
- cancer
smoking health effects
- fetal effects
- cancers
- respiratory symptoms
- childhood asthma
- heart diseases
- odour and irritation
ets
environmental tobacco smoke
- contains myriad chem species
VOC
volatile organic compound
VOCs source
- painting operations
- petroleum refineries
- solvent cleaning
- fuel storage and loading operations
- printing operations
- motor vehicles
Pesticides
- for flies
- cockroaches
- ants
- spiders
- kitchen and bathroom cleaners
- room deodorizers or laundry aids
PCB good properties
- thermal stability
- chemical inertness
- low flammability
- low vapour pressure at ambient temp
- resistance to microbial degradation
pcb used as
- hydraulic systems
- heat-transfer systems
- lubrications oils
- cutting oils
- paints
- wax extenders
- wood coatings
health effects of pcb
- wide range of cancer
- reproductive effects
- neurodevelopment effects
- immune system effect
- dermatologic effect
what are fiber materials used for?
acoustic or thermal insulating
examples of acoustic fiber products
- ceiling tiles
- wall panels
- interior duct lining
- treatments applied to ceilings to absorb noise
example of thermal fiber products
- wall insulation
- blanket insualtion
- pipe and exterior duct insulation
- boiler jackets
fiber materials
- asbestos
- vitreous
- cellulose
asbestos health effects
- asbestosis
- lung cancer
- mesothelioma
- more cancer
how to remove asbestos
- removal
- encapsulation with a suitable coating
- enclosure behind a sealed, rigid barrier
vitreous fiber health effects
- skin irritation
- eye irritation
- higher risk of lung cancer
radon?
natural radioactive gas, decay of uranium in earths crust
- colourless, odourless, tasteless
where is radon found
soil
- can get into basement through
- cracks, joints, floor drains, areas with exposed soils
- water supple, water releases when water boils
- through certain building materials
radon health effects
lung cancer
right under cigarettes for lung cancer
cant excede 800 Bq/m3
pollen
component in life cycle of plants
gets in through openings in house
and pets
health effects of pollen
- hay fever
- asthma
- allergic dermatitis
fungi?
among most important pollutants
- can cause human disease
- consumed in food
how does fungi grow
- water
- oxygen
- temperature within human comfort range
- heat and humidity
fungi health effects
- infections
- hay fever and asthma
- allergic reactions
- headaches
- depression and fatigue
how to control fungi growth
- keep house dry
- keep humidity at 35-45%
- remove fungi with bleach and water mix
legionnaires disease
- legionella bacteria
- hot water
