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Enviromental > Air Pollution & HAZMATs > Flashcards

Air Pollution & HAZMATs Flashcards

1
Q

Factors that determine air pollution (3)

A
  1. Amount of pollutants entering air
  2. Amount of space into which pollutants dispersed
  3. Nature’s mechanisms that remove pollutants
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2
Q

Pollutant that is put directly into air by human activity

comes from smoke, transportation, & combustion

A

Primary pollutant

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3
Q

Where primary pollutants come in contact with other substances, causing a chemical reaction
(ozone)

A

Secondary pollutants

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4
Q

Pollution from natural mechanisms, can be removed and recycled
(volcano ash, fire, dust storms, smoke)

A

Natural air pollution

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5
Q

Grayish mixture of soot, water vapor, and sulfurous compounds
(industry)

A

Industrial smog

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6
Q

Brownish haze, organic Carbon compounds

automobiles) (acted on by sunlight

A

Photochemical smog

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7
Q

Temperature cooler at ground & warmer in atmosphere

long term = pollutants build

A

Temperature Inversion

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8
Q

Pollutants accumulate at ________

A

Night

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9
Q
  • Warm air rises, carries pollutants up
  • Temperature warmest in ground

during the ______

A

Day

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10
Q

Mixture of solid particles & liquids
(can dissolve & carry other pollutants)
(form clouds)

A

Particulate Matter (PM)

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11
Q

Gasoline, paint, solvents, cleaning solutions

evaporate into vapor

A

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

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12
Q

colorless, odorless gas

blocks delivery of oxygen

A

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

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13
Q

Nitrogen-oxygen compounds formed in atmosphere

major source of acid deposition

A

Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)

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14
Q

Sulfur-oxygen compounds
(major source of acid disposition)
(poisonous to plants and animals)

A

Sulfur-Oxide (SOx)

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15
Q

Lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, arsenic

brain damage, accumulates in body, impairs functions of tissues & organs

A

Heavy metals

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16
Q

Gradual deterioration of physiological functions over time

A

Chronic

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17
Q

Severe cases, cause death at high exposure

lethal doses, high attacks

A

Acute

18
Q

Chemicals that cause cancer in high doses

A

Carcinogenic

19
Q 
colorless, tasteless, odorless
radioactive
occurs naturally in Earth's crust
breakdown if uranium 
can contaminate H2O
can seep through foundation
A

Radon gas

20
Q

minerals that form large fivers

insulation, fire retardant, vinyl flooring, building material

A

Asbestos

21
Q

Precipitation that contains high concentrations of acid

dry acidic particles combine with water

A

Acid precipitation

22
Q

Acid Precipitation Process

A
  1. Pollutants enter atmosphere
  2. Forms acids when mixed with water and oxygen
  3. Dry fallout
  4. Precipitation
23
Q

Sudden influx of acid water causing drastic change in pH

A

Acid shock

24
Q

Substances in the atmosphere that have harmful effects

A

Air pollutants

25
Q

Helped identify pollutants & set limits & standards

A

Clean Air Act of 1970

26
Q

Highest level tolerated by humans without ill effect

A

Primary standard

27
Q

Pollutants that are the most widespread

A

Criteria pollutants

28
Q

Keep criteria pollutants below primary standard level

A

Command & control approach

29
Q

Level below which no ill effects observed

exposure above = dangerous

A

Threshold level

30
Q

chemicals that present a risk or hazard

A

HAZMATs or Hazardous materials

31
Q

Substance that can burst inti flames easily

causes irritation

A

Ignitability

32
Q

Substances that can corrode storage tanks

A

Corrosivity

33
Q

Substances that are chemically unstable & explode/create toxic fumes when mixed w/ other chemicals

A

Reactivity

34
Q

Substances that cause health issues when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through skin

A

Toxicity

35
Q

Requires industry to report toxic chemicals

A

Emergency planning & community right to know

36
Q

Requires business to make available info a hazardous chemicals

A

Worker’s right ti know

37
Q

Info on toxicity, proper use, precautions

A

Material safety data sheet (MSDS)

38
Q
  • drilling dry well

- dispose of waste below groundwater

A

Well injection

39
Q
  • man made ‘sealed ponds’
  • liquid waste drained & held
  • solid particles settle
  • temporary sites
A

Surface impoundments

40
Q

-chemicals placed in drums

A

Landfills

Enviromental (1 decks)

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