Air Ops Flashcards
What is the minimum safe FL?
The minimum FL above Safety Altitude or MSA. At least 1000ft above the TA.
Which control service is provided for en-route controlled flights?
Radar control
ATC service is provided to….
d) All flights:
IFR in ABCDE
Special VFR
At certain aerodromes
What is the angle/area of a straight departure?
15degrees either side
What does MOC stand for?
Minimum Obstacle Clearance
What is the recognised zone of flexibility either side of the sector boundary of a hold?
+/- 5 degrees
What is the Procedure Design Gradient (PDG) for terrain clearance on an instrument departure procedure?
0.8% safety margin added to climb gradient required to just clear the critical obstacle.
(Or standard 3.3%, whichever highest)
Describe the turn in the hold.
Rate 1 turn, 3 degrees per second, 25AoB
What approach generates the lowest noise?
Constant descent final approach
= constant angle glide slope and no power required to achieve landing config
What does PANS stand for?
Procedures for Air Navigation Services Ops
What does RNP indicate?
Accurate within 10nm at 95% certainty
20nm at 99.999%
What radii are fixed radius turns?
15nm below FL195
22.5nm above FL195
What are the 3 pillars of performance based navigation?
Infrastructure
Requirements
Application
How are compulsory reporting points pictured?
Solid triangles
Which PBN approaches are precision?
LPV only
What is RNav?
Fly desired route within coverage of reference nav aids. Waypoints based on lat long position.
What is the difference between RNav and RNP?
RNav does not require on board alerting system to signify lost performance
How is a fly over waypoint signified?
Hollow 4 corner star with a circle around it
How is RNP containment written?
Indicated by the number after eg RNP 10
How many satellites does RAIM FD require?
5
How many satellites does RAIM FDE require?
6
What is the aim of SBAS?
To correct positional error by comparison with known satellite position
What is the purpose of RAIM?
To tell you that a satellite has failed
How many technical freedoms are there and what are they?
2
First freedom: overfly state B without landing
Second freedom: land in state B for technical reasons
What are the minimum requirements for flying in RVSM airspace?
1) 2 independent altitude measuring systems
2) An altitude alert system + one auto altitude control system
What altitudes are RVSM airspace?
FL290 - FL410
What is vertical separation in RVSM?
1000ft
What is the most critical factor in designing instrument procedures?
Obstacle clearance
In what conditions may a preferential runway not be used purely for noise abatement?
Vis less than 1km, x-wind greater than 15kts, Tail wind great than 5kts, runway contaminated, cloud base less than 500ft, wind shear or thunderstorms
How wide is a preferential route?
1.5km eitherside
What is the difference in purpose of an NADP1 & NADP2?
NAPD1 : used to alleviate noise close to the aerodrome
NAPD2 : used to alleviate noise more distant from aerodrome
What is a low level wind shear alert system?
Ground based system
6-36 anemometers located around aerodrome
Enhanced with Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR)
Warnings issued by ATC
Where are you at risk of a bird strike?
Everywhere
What solutions are used to minimise the risk of bird strike
Not watchman radar
What should your actions be in the vicinity of a thunderstorm?
1) Request to steer around the thunderstorm
2) Consider Nav aids selection for accuracy
What are dangerous goods?
Substances/material that poses a hazard to the aircraft
Except medical aid, operating reasons, catering and cabin service supplies, veterinary aid
How often should you receive DG training?
Dangerous goods?
Bi-annually
For aerodrome response times, when was the first vehicle in position, with foam at 50% discharge rate?
2minutes
If forced to ditch in single swell, 15kts wind, how would you choose the landing direction?
Parallel to swell
What page is the turbulence table?
P111
Define Accidents
Fatal or serious injury
Aircraft structural failure
Aircraft missing
Define Incidents
An occurrence other than an accident which affects the safety of operation
Define Serious Incident
CFIT
How soon after DG incident should it be reported?
72hours
Strong wind speeds, 50kts which direction should a large multi engine land?
45% into wind
Define land as soon as practical
Landing site and duration are at the discretion of the pilot. Not recommended to fly further than required.
Define land as soon as possible
Land without delay at a site which a safe landing is assured.
Define land immediately
Emergency landing minimising risk to crew.
If caught in wind shear what are the actions?
Do not maintain lower than normal approach speed, and do not continue approach.
DO set power early.
What makes up total system error?
Path definition error +
Flight technical error +
Navigation system error
When are you established in a hold?
The second time you fly over the hold fix.
What are 4 requirements for PBN?
Accuracy
Integrity
Availability
Continuity
What page are the wake turbulence tables in the FIH?
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