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AVIA 203 > Air Law > Flashcards

Air Law Flashcards

1
Q

What are the minimum items on a passenger brief?

A
  • Location and operation of normal and emergency exits
    Location and operation of safety belts/shoulder harnesses
  • Positioning/securing of seats, seat backs, rudder pedals, etc.
  • Stowage of carry-on baggage
  • Location and means of operating oxygen equipment
  • Any prohibition against smoking/eating/drinking
  • Location of first-aid kits, survival kits
  • If over water, location and use of life preservers, rafts, etc.
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2
Q

Starting and ground running

A
  • No person shall start an engine of an aircraft unless:
  • A pilot’s seat is occupied by a person who is competent to control the aircraft; and/or
  • Precautions have been taken to prevent the aircraft from moving, and the aircraft is not left unattended
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3
Q

In what situation can the PIC deviate from ATC Clearance

A
  • In accordance with a resolution advisory from an Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) or Traffic Alert and Collision System (TCAS)
  • The PIC must as soon as practicable inform ATC of the deviation and return to the last accepted clearance received from ATC
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4
Q

Information on ELT

A
  • Emits a signal on 121.5 MHz and/or 243.0 MHz for approximately 48 hours.
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5
Q

Oxygen Requirements

A

Above 13 000 ASL
- All persons on board require oxygen for the duration of the flight
Between 10 000 and 13 000
- Crew members require oxygen for the duration of the flight that exceeds 30 mins
- oxygen must be available to 10% of the passengers, in any case no less than 1 passenger
Night operations
- Should be used for operations above 5000’ (improved night vison)

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6
Q

Com failure in B, C, D airspace the PIC must:

A
  • Leave the airspace
  • Where the airspace is a control zone, by landing at the aerodrome for which the control zone is established
  • In any other case by the shortest route
  • Where the aircraft is equipped with a transponder, set it to 7600, and
  • Inform ATC as soon as possible of the actions taken
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7
Q

VFR Minimum Distances from Objects (built up)

A
  • Except when conducting a take-off, approach or landing, no person shall operate an aircraft:
  • Over built-up areas not lower than 1000 ft above the highest obstacle within a 2000 ft radius.
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8
Q

Exceptions of going below VFFR minimum distances to objects

A
  • For the purpose of a police operation that is conducted in the service of a police authority
  • For the purpose for saving human life
  • For fire fighting or air ambulance operations
  • Aerial inspection
  • Flight training conducted by or under the supervision of a qualified flight instructor
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9
Q

Speed limits

A

In Canada below 1000 asl
- at an indicated airspeed of more that 250kts

Below 3000’ AGL within 10NM of a controlled airport
- at an indicated speed of more than 200kts

Exceptions:

  • In accordance with special flight operations certificate
  • if minimum safe speed is above the limits
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10
Q

non built up area distance requirements

A

-Over areas which are not built up areas not lower than 500 ft above the highest obstacle within a 500 ft radius.

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11
Q

VFR FLIGHT MINIMUMS ( control zone)

A 
flight visibility 
- not less than 3SM
Distance from cloud
- horizontal 1 NM
- vertical 500 Ft
Distance AGL
- 500ft
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12
Q

VFR FLIGHT MINIMUMS (uncontrolled below 1000 ft)

A 
Visibility 
- 2 SM day
- 3 SM Night
Distance from cloud
- clear of cloud
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13
Q

VFR FLIGHT MINIMUMS ( Uncontrolled above 1000 AGL)

A 
Visibility 
- 1SM day
- 3 SM night 
Distance from Cloud
- horizontally 2000 feet
- vertical 500 ft
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14
Q

VFR over the top requirements

A
  • Weather at the destination must be forecast scattered or better and visibility of 5 SM with no precipitation, fog, thunderstorms or blowing snow.
  • VFR OTT Rating requires 15 hrs dual instrument
  • Commercial Licence includes rating, additional rating required for a private license
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15
Q

Restrictions of aerobatics

A

No person shall conduct aerobatic maneuvers

  • over a built-up area or open-air assembly of persons
  • that may create a hazard to other aircraft
  • In controlled airspace or within an air route except in accordance with a special flight certificate.
  • below 2000 feet AGL except with a special flight certificate
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16
Q

Aerobatic requirements for having passengers

A
  • at least 10hrs dual flight instruction
  • 20 hrs conducting aerobatic maneuvers
  • The PIC has flown 1hr of aerobatics in the last 6 months
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17
Q

What is the eligibility of an AOC?

A
  • A Canadian citizen or corporation
  • A citizen, resident or corporation of a foreign state you may hold an AOC for an air transport service if you already hold a similar AOC issued by the foreign state
  • A citizen, resident or corporation of the USA or Mexico, provided it is a specialty air service operating under NAFTA rules and an AOC issued by the USA or Mexico.
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18
Q

No Canadian AOC holder shall operate an aircraft in a commercial air service unless:

A
  • If Canadian registered, a Canadian type certificate and Canadian flight authority have been issued.
  • If registered in a foreign state, the minister has authorized its operation.
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19
Q

What is 702 – Aerial Work (Applies in respect to the operation of an aeroplane or helicopter in aerial work involving):

A
  • The carriage on board of persons other than flight crew members (e.g. fire spotters, photographers)
  • Helicopters carrying class B, C or D external loads
  • The towing of objects
  • The dispersal of products
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20
Q

703 – Air Taxi (Applies to Canadian operators in an air transport service involving any of the following aircraft):

A
  • All single-engine aircraft.
  • Multi-engine aircraft with a MCTOW of 19000lbs or less AND a passenger seating configuration of 9 or less.
  • Any other aircraft authorized by the minister.
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21
Q

704 - Commuter (Applies to Canadian operators in an air transport service involving any of the following aircraft):

A
  • a multi-engine aircraft that has a MCTOW 19,000 pounds or less and a passenger seating configuration, of 10 to 19 inclusive;
  • a turbo-jet powered aeroplane that has a maximum zero fuel weight of 50,000 pounds or less and for which a Canadian type certificate has been issued authorizing the transport of not more than 19 passengers; or
  • any aircraft that is authorized by the Minister
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22
Q

705 - Airline (Applies to Canadian operators in an air transport service involving any of the following aircraft):

A
  • an aeroplane that has a MCTOW of more than 19,000 pounds or for which a Canadian type certificate has been issued authorizing the transport of 20 or more passengers;
  • a helicopter that has a passenger seating configuration of 20 or more; or
  • any aircraft that is authorized by the Minister.
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23
Q

700.14 – Monitoring System ( airlines requirements to ensure rest) end of the day whos responsibility is to report going over?

A
  • Every air operator must establish and maintain a system that monitors crew members
  • flight time
  • duty time
  • rest periods
  • This system must be described in the company operations manual.
  • It is the crew member’s responsibility to inform the air operator should it become apparent that an assigned flight will result in exceeding any prescribed limitations.
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24
Q

What is considered Flight time?

A

“flight time” - means the time from the moment an aircraft first moves under its own power for the purpose of taking off until the moment it comes to rest at the end of the flight

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25
Q

No operator shall assign, and no crew member shall accept an assignment that will result in exceeding the following limits: (365 days, 90 days, 30 days)
700.15

A
  • 1,200 hours in any 365 consecutive days
  • 300 hours in any 90 consecutive days
  • 120 hours in any 30 consecutive days (100 hours if on call)
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26
Q

What is flight duty time/ the maximum flight duty time

700.16

A
  • the period that starts when a flight crew member reports for a flight, or reports as a flight crew member on standby, and finishes at “engines off” or “rotors stopped” at the end of the final flight
  • The maximum flight duty time is 14 hours in any 24 consecutive hours.
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27
Q

What is a minimum rest period

A

a period during which a flight crew member is free from all duties, is not interrupted by the air operator or private operator, and is provided with an opportunity to obtain not less than eight consecutive hours of sleep in suitable accommodation, time to travel to and from that accommodation and time for personal hygiene and meals

28
Q

In the event of unforeseen operational circumstances, the maximum flight duty time may be extended, provided that:
700.17

A
  • The pilot in command consults with the other crew members and considers it safe to do so
  • The extension is not more than 3 hours
  • The crew members receive additional rest time equal to the extension
  • The operator is notified, and in turn notifies Transport Canada
29
Q

702.11 operators instructions to their personnel

A
  • (1) An air operator shall ensure that all operations personnel are properly instructed about their duties and about the relationship of their duties to the operation as a whole.
  • (2) The operations personnel of an air operator shall follow the procedures specified in the air operator’s company operations manual in the performance of their duties.
30
Q

702.13 The authorization of a flight from the Air Operator

A

No person shall commence a flight unless the flight has been authorized in accordance with the procedures specified in the air operator’s company operations manual.

31
Q

702.14 What is an operational Flight plan?

A

No air operator shall permit a person to commence a flight unless an operational flight plan has been prepared in accordance with the procedures specified in the air operator’s company operations manual.

•Similar to a normal ICAO flight plan, with extra detail in certain areas; eg. fuel

32
Q

702.16 – Air operators Carriage of Persons

A

No air operator shall allow a person who is not a flight crew member to be carried on board an aircraft unless

  • (a) the person’s presence on board is essential during the flight;
  • (b) the air operator is authorized in its air operator certificate to permit parachute descents and the person is a parachutist; or
  • (c) the air operator is authorized in its air operator certificate to carry a person
33
Q

702.17 – VFR Minimum Flight Visibility

A

Where an aeroplane is operated in day VFR flight within uncontrolled airspace at less than 1,000 feet AGL, a person may operate the aeroplane when flight visibility is less than two miles if the person

  • (a) is authorized to do so in an air operator certificate; and
  • (b) complies with the Commercial Air Service Standards.
  • The standard for this regulation covers such topics as pilot training, experience, equipment, route and aircraft configuration and speed
34
Q

702.18 – Night VFR OTT and IFR Operations (things that dont allow it)

A

No air operator shall operate an aircraft at night, in VFR OTT flight or in IFR flight

  • (a) while towing;
  • (b) while carrying a helicopter Class B, C or D external load;
  • (c) while dispersing products; or
  • (d) where the aircraft is a single-engined aircraft.
  • …unless so authorized by the Minister and in compliance with the Commercial Air Service Standards
35
Q

702.18 – Night VFR OTT and IFR Operations (things that allow it)

A

No air operator shall operate an aircraft at night with persons other than flight crew members on board unless

  • (a) the pilot-in-command has an instrument rating; or
  • (b) the air operator is authorized in its air operator certificate to permit parachute descents and night VFR flight and
  • (i) the persons are parachutists,
  • (ii) the flight takes place within 10 nautical miles of the aerodrome of departure, and
  • (iii) the flight takes place at night; or
  • (c) the air operator is authorized in its air operator certificate to carry persons, other than parachutists, and the air operator complies with the Commercial Air Service Standards.
36
Q

702.20 – Aircraft Operating Over Water

A

No air operator shall, except when conducting a take-off or landing, operate a land aircraft over water, beyond a point where the land aircraft could reach shore in the event of an engine failure, unless the air operator

  • (a) is authorized to do so in its air operator certificate; and
  • (b) complies with the Commercial Air Service Standards.
37
Q

702.23 What is the briefing required for passengers?

A
  • The pilot-in-command shall ensure that persons, other than flight crew members, who are on board the aircraft are given a safety briefing that includes the following:
  • (i) prior to boarding, procedures for embarking and disembarking when engines are running and when rotors are running;
  • (ii) when and how carry-on baggage and cargo is to be loaded, secured and unloaded;
  • (iii) fastening, unfastening and use of safety belts and safety harnesses, specifying when they must be fastened;
  • (iv) the proper positioning of seats for take-off and landing;
  • (v) the location of normal and emergency exits, how they are marked and how they operate;
  • (vi) the requirement to obey flight crew instructions;
  • (vii) the location, access to and use of emergency equipment
  • (viii) aircraft evacuation procedures, water ditching procedures, procedures if the aircraft is configured with external fixtures
38
Q

702.24 Operation in Icing conditions

A

When icing conditions are reported to exist or are forecast to be encountered along the route of flight, no person shall authorize a flight or its continuation or conduct a take-off or continue a flight in an aircraft, even if the pilot-in-command determines that the aircraft is adequately equipped to operate in icing if, in the opinion of the pilot-in-command, the safety of the flight might be adversely affected.

39
Q

702.42 Night flying from an air operator perspective

A

(1) No person shall operate an aircraft at night unless the aircraft is equipped with

  • (a) at least one landing light; and
  • (b) if the aircraft is operated in icing conditions, a means of illumination or other means to detect the formation of ice.
40
Q

702.44 shoulder harness requirement

A

No air operator shall operate an aircraft unless the pilot seat and any seat beside the pilot seat are equipped with a safety belt that includes a shoulder harness.

41
Q

702.45 – TC requirement to carry External Load Equipment

A

No air operator shall operate an aircraft carrying an external load unless the attachment device is authorized in a supplemental type certificate or in an airworthiness approval relating to the operational configuration of the aircraft.

42
Q

702.64 – Designation of Crew Members in an airline

A

An air operator shall designate for each flight a pilot-in-command and, where the crew includes two pilots, a pilot-in-command and a second-in-command.

43
Q

702.65 – No air operator shall permit a person to act and no person shall act as a flight crew member in an aircraft unless the person:

A
  • (a) holds the licence and ratings required
  • (b) where the aircraft is operated in IFR flight and persons other than flight crew members are on board, has successfully completed a pilot proficiency check, the validity period of which has not expired, for that type of aircraft
  • (c) if the person is not the chief pilot, has successfully completed a competency check or a pilot proficiency check, the validity period of which has not expired, for that type of aircraft in accordance with the Commercial Air Service Standards
44
Q

What is the difference between a ppc and a pcc? 702

A

PPC: Pilot Proficiency Check

•Transport Canada Inspector or Company Check Pilot (TC designate)

PCC: Pilot Competency Check

  • Training Captain
  • Similar to a Checkout on the aircraft to be flown
45
Q

What is the validity of a PPC? 702.67

A
  • Valid until the first day of the twenty-fifth month following the month in which the proficiency check was completed.
  • If it is renewed within the last 90 days of its validity period, its validity period is extended by 24 months
46
Q

What is the validity of a PCC? 702.67

A
  • Valid until the first day of the thirteenth month following the month in which the competency check was completed.
  • If it is renewed within the last 90 days of its validity period, its validity period is extended by 12 months.
47
Q

702.76 Every air operator shall establish and maintain a ground and flight training program that is:

A

(a) designed to ensure that each person who receives training acquires the competence to perform the person’s assigned duties; and
(b) approved by the Minister in accordance with the Commercial Air Service Standards.

48
Q

702.76 An air operator’s ground and flight training program shall include:

A
  • (a) company indoctrination training;
  • (b) upgrading training;
  • (c) training in the aerial work to be conducted; and
  • (d) initial and annual training, including
  • (i) aircraft type training,
  • (ii) aircraft servicing and ground handling training,
  • (iii) emergency procedures training,
  • (iv) aircraft surface contamination training for pilots and other operations personnel,
  • (v) training for personnel who are assigned to perform duties on board an aircraft or who are carried externally by an aircraft, and
  • (vi) any other training required to ensure a safe operation
49
Q

702.83 What is a company Operations manual? Where can they put it?

A

A manual that has appropriate parts of the companies operations that must be given to individuals that pertain to their job

The operator may, instead of providing a copy of the appropriate parts of that manual to each crew member, place a copy of those parts:

  • In each aircraft, or
  • In an appropriate place other than the aircraft for aircraft that are operated locally for the purpose of parachute descent.
50
Q

If there is a two crew plane does the SOPs need to be on board?

A

Every air operator shall, for each of its aircraft that is required to be operated by two or more pilots, establish and maintain standard operating procedures that enable the crew members to operate the aircraft within the limitations specified in the aircraft flight manual and that meet the Commercial Air Service Standards.

51
Q

702.84 What details must the SOPs outline?

A
  • The SOPs must contain information and procedures covering:
  • General
  • Standard calls, briefings, etc.
  • Normal Procedures
  • Weight & balance
  • Checklists
  • Abnormal and Emergency Procedures
  • Emergency checklists
  • Two communication rule
52
Q

703.14 Air taxi flight authorization requirements

A

No person shall commence a flight unless the flight has been authorized in accordance with the procedures specified in the air operator’s company operations manual.

53
Q

703.18 air taxi when must an operational flight plan be filed?

A

No air operator shall permit a person to commence a flight unless an operational flight plan has been prepared in accordance with the procedures specified in the air operator’s company operations manual.

  • Similar to a normal ICAO flight plan, with extra detail in certain areas; eg. fuel
  • The pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall ensure that a copy of the operational flight plan is left at a point of departure, in accordance with the procedures specified in the company operations manual.
54
Q

703.22 No air operator shall operate a single-engined aircraft with passengers on board in IFR flight or in night VFR flight unless:

what are the standard for it to be allowed by the standard 723.22

A
  • The operator is authorized to do so in its AOC
  • The aircraft meets the Commercial Air Service Standards

In order to comply with the Standard for 703.22, the aircraft must meet the following criteria:

  • Factory built, turbine powered aircraft
  • The engine must have a MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) of .001/1000 or less established over 100,000 hours of service (1 failure per 100,000 hours)
  • Numerous other automated or redundant systems designed to allow rapid response to (or prevention of) emergencies
55
Q

703.23 What are the requirements for air taxi operating over water?

A
  • No air operator shall, except when conducting a take-off or landing, operate a land aircraft over water, beyond a point where the land aircraft could reach shore in the event of an engine failure, unless the air operator is authorized to do so in its air operator certificate
  • Once again, the standard for this Regulation states that authorization is not possible for aeroplanes, only helicopters.
56
Q

703.24 How many passengers are allowed on a single engine aircraft?

A

No air operator shall operate a single-engine aeroplane with more than nine passengers on board.
•Authorization to carry more than 9 passengers on a SE aircraft is only possible for helicopters.

57
Q

703.25 external load requirements for an air taxi:

A

Except where carriage of an external load has been authorized in a type certificate or supplemental type certificate, no air operator shall operate an aircraft to carry an external load with passengers on board.

58
Q

703.26 The simulations of emergencies with passengers allowed?

A

Simulated emergency situations that could affect the flight characteristics of the aircraft cannot be conducted while passengers are on an aircraft.

59
Q

703.27 Except when conducting a take-off or landing, no person shall operate an aircraft in VFR flight (Air taxi requirements)

A
  • (a) at night, at less than 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle located within a horizontal distance of three miles from the route to be flown; or
  • (b) where the aircraft is an aeroplane, during the day, at less than 300 feet AGL or at a horizontal distance of less than 300 feet from any obstacle.
60
Q

703.28 VFR minimum flight visibility for air taxi operators

A

Where an aeroplane is operated in day VFR flight within uncontrolled airspace at less than 1,000 feet AGL, a person may operate the aeroplane when flight visibility is less than two miles if the person

  • (a) is authorized to do so in an air operator certificate; and
  • (b) complies with the Commercial Air Service Standards.
  • The standard for this regulation covers such topics as pilot training, experience, equipment, route and aircraft configuration and speed
61
Q

703.33 requirements for air taxi operators to go VFR OTT

A

No person shall operate an aircraft in VFR OTT flight unless the person is authorized to do so in the air operator certificate

  • Standard 723.33 details the qualifications and requirements required for VFR OTT to be authorized:
  • Must be able to descend/continue VMC if the pilot is not IFR rated or the aircraft has only one engine
  • Must be able to maintain a safe IFR altitude in the event of an engine failure if the pilot is IFR rated and the aircraft is a multi-engine aircraft
62
Q

703.34 Air taxi Flight routes through uncontrolled airspaces.

A

IFR or night VFR flights in uncontrolled airspace must be conducted on an established air route, or on an established, approved company route that complies with the Commercial Air Service Standards

63
Q

703.39 air taxi requirements for passenger briefing prior to take off

A

(a) prior to take-off:

  • (i) how carry-on baggage is to be stowed;
  • (ii) the general use of safety belts or safety harnesses;
  • (iii) when seat backs must be secured in the upright position and tables stowed;
  • (iv) the location of emergency exits, and for passengers seated next to an exit, how that exit operates;
  • (v) the location, purpose of, and advisability of reading the safety features card;
  • (vi) the regulatory requirement to obey crew instructions regarding seat belts and no smoking or Fasten Seat Belts and No Smoking signs and the location of these signs
64
Q

703.39 air taxi passenger briefing after take off

A

(b) after take-off, if not included in the pre-take-off briefing:

  • (i) that smoking is prohibited; and
  • (ii) the advisability of using safety-belts or safety harnesses during flight;
65
Q

703.39 air taxi passenger briefing in flight due to turbulence

A

n-flight because of turbulence:

  • (i) when the use of seat belts is required; and
  • (ii) the requirement to stow carry-on baggage
66
Q

703.39 air taxi passenger briefing after landing/ leaving the ac

A

prior to passenger disembarkment, the safest direction and most hazard-free route for passenger movement away from the aeroplane following disembarkment; and any dangers associated with the aeroplane type such as pitot tube locations, propellers, or engine intakes

67
Q

703.88 No air operator shall permit a person to act and no person shall act as a flight crew member in an aircraft unless the person:

A

(a) holds the licence and ratings required
(b) within the previous 90 days, has completed at least three take-offs and three landings
(c) has successfully completed a pilot proficiency check or competency check for that type of aircraft, the validity period of which has not expired

AVIA 203 (3 decks)

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