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WELL AP 7.11.2020 > Air Concept > Flashcards

Air Concept Flashcards

1
Q

How many deaths are caused by air pollution annually?

A

50,000 in US

7 million worldwide (1 in 8)

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2
Q

How much air do we breathe per day?

A

15,000 liters

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3
Q

What are the 6 major air pollutants?

A 
SPLONCO
Sulfur 
Particultates (PM10 and PM 2.5)
Lead 
Ozone
Nitrogen 
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
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4
Q

01 - Air Quality, part 1, VOCs: what are the levels for Formaldehyde and total VOCs?

A

Formaldehyde is 27 ppb

VOCs less than 500 ug/m3

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5
Q

01-part 2, particulates and inorganics: what are the 4 types and limits?

A 
OCoP
Ozone 51 ppb
Carbon monoxoide  9 ppm
Fine Particles (PM 2.5)  15m
Coarse Particles (PM 10)  50m
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6
Q

01-Part3, Radon: where is it measured and what’s the threshold?

A

4 pCi/L at lowest occupied level of building

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7
Q

02-Smoking Ban: How much does smoking shorten life expectancy?

A

10 years

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8
Q

02-Smoking Ban: how many ingredients are in a cigarette and how many are toxic?

A

600 ingredients
7,000 compounds
69 are known carcinogens

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9
Q

02-Smoking Ban, part 2: Outdoor Ban: How large is the area in which smoking is banned?

A

Full Ban Within 25ft
entrances, all decks patios balconies
signage about smoking hazards along all walkways beyond 25ft with signs every 100’

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10
Q

03 Ventilation effectiveness: which regulation sets standards for adequate ventilation?

A

ASHRAE 62.1.2013

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11
Q

03 Ventilation effectiveness: Projects demonstrate that ambient air quality within 1 mi is compliant with what?

A

EPA’s NAAQs for 95% of all hours in previous year

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12
Q

03 Ventilation effectiveness: Demand Controlled Ventilation system is used to keep CO2 levels below ___ppm, when the space is ___ or larger and occupancy is more than ___ people per _____ SF

A 
CO2 = 800 ppm
space = 500 SF or larger
occupancy = 25 people per 1,000 SF
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13
Q

03 Ventilation effectiveness - part 3 System Balancing: When does HVAC system get tested and balanced?
What is the documentation required? (2)

A

Before occupancy

LOA Engineer; Commissioning Report

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14
Q

04 VOC Reduction - part 1 interior paints: need to meet one of which 3 requirements/standards?

A

100% of CARB or SCAQMD
90% by volume of CDPH
ASTM standards

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15
Q

What’s ASTM

A

American Society of Testing & Materials, 12,000 standards

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16
Q

04 VOC Reduction - part 2 Adhesives and Sealants:

need to meet one of which 3 requirements?

A

100% SCAQMD
90% by volume of CDPH
ASTM standards

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17
Q

04 VOC Reduction - part 3 & 4 - flooring and insulation: both must meet what standard?

A

100% by volume of CDPH

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18
Q

04 VOC Reduction - part 5 - Furniture must meet what standard?

A

95% by cost ANSI/BIFMA or CDPH

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19
Q

05 Air Filtration, Part 1 - Filter Accomodation: What two things must recirculated air systems be able to accomodate?

A

space and capacity for future carbon filters

system can accommodate additional filters

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20
Q

05 Air Filtration, Part 2 - Particle Filtration:

What size MERV filter is used for outdoor air?

A

MERV 13 or higher

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21
Q

Ambient outdoor PM10 and PM 2.5 levels measured ____ distance from building are measured below WELL standards for ____how long

A

1 mile

95% of all hours throughout demonstration

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22
Q

How often do projects need to provide IWBI with air filtration maintenance records?

A

annually

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23
Q

06 Microbe and Mold Control: What device is used, where?

What should be inspected and how often?

A

UVGI - on cooling coils and drain pans

ceilings, walls and floors for discoloration, visible mold, water damage, pooling - quarterly

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24
Q

07 Construction Pollution, Part 1, Duct protection during construction? (2)

A

ducts sealed during construction

vacuumed out prior to installing grills

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25
Q

07 Construction Pollution, Part 2 - Filter Replacement

When are they replaced?

A

Prior to occupancy

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26
Q

What 3 techniques are used to reduce/contain/remove dust during construction?

A

seal doors and windows with temporary barriers
walk-off matts
tools have dust guards/collectors

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27
Q

08 Healthy Entrance - Part 1 walk off mats: Size?

A

width of entrance and 10ft long

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28
Q

09 Cleaning Protocol (for air quality): Part 1 Cleaning Plan - Which 5 elements must be in the plan?

A 
WELL Appendix--Equipment and Training
List of approved product seals
List of high-touch and schedule
Cleaning schedule
Cleaning logs
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29
Q

10- Pesticide Management: a Plan of use must be based on _______ and products used must have a hazard tier ranking of ____.

A 
San Francisco Environment Code IPM Program
Tier 3 (lowest)
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30
Q

Atrazine

A

pesticide
endocrine disruptor
cardiovascular problems

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31
Q

Glyphosate

A

herbicide
RoundUp
Kidney problems
Reproductive difficulties

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32
Q

11 - Fundamental Material Safety - P1 Asbestos and Lead Restriction - What are the limits?

A

No asbestos
100 ppm lead in building materials
0.25% wetted plumbing surfaces

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33
Q

11 - Fundamental Material Safety - P2 Lead Abatement: lead evaluation is conducted following what guidelines? (3)

A

test for lead-hazards in paint, soil and dust
adheres to EPA standards
lead EPA standard supersedes all other protocols

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34
Q

11 - Fundamental Material Safety - P3 Asbestos Abatement: Requirements for buildings? (3)

A

inspect every 3 years
establish an asbestos management plan
conduct a post-asbestos clearance

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35
Q

11 - Fundamental Material Safety - P4 PCB abatement;

when, remove what, according to which standard?

A

buildings between 1950 and banning laws -
PCB containing fluorescent light balasts
EPA Steps to Safe PCB

36
Q

11 - Fundamental Material Safety - P5 Mercury Limitation - which products should be avoided? (4)

A

thermometers
switches
electrical relays
mercury lamps

37
Q

12 - Moisture Management - What are the 4 ways moisture can enter?

A

bulk water
capillary water
air transported moisture
vapor diffusion

38
Q

Designers must describe how exterior liquid is addressed for which 4 areas of concern -

A
  1. Site Drainage
  2. Local Water Table
  3. Building Penetrations
  4. Porous exterior materials
39
Q

Designers must describe how interior liquid is managed for these 4 areas of concern:

A
  1. plumbing leaks
  2. hard-piped appliances (clothes washers etc.)
  3. Porous interior materials
  4. New building materials wetted during construction
40
Q

Areas of concern for condensation management (4)

A

high humidity in rooms like bathrooms
air leakage that could lead to moisture
cooler surfaces
oversized AC

41
Q

Areas of concern for Material Selection and Protection (5)

A 
exposed entryways and glazing
porous cladding material
finished floors
interior sheathing
storing of absorptive materials during construction
42
Q

Feature 13 - Air Flush: Once construction is complete, a flush is conducted with indoor air temp of at least ___ degrees and humidity _____

A

59 degrees

below 60%

43
Q

A single stage Air Flush Volume should have a volume of:

A

4,500 m3 outdoor air per m3 of floor area

44
Q

A 2-stage air flush can be done - with a pre-occupancy volume of ____ followed by ____ after occupancy

A

1,066 m3/m2 floor

3,200 m3/m2

45
Q

Feature 14 - Air Infiltration Management: Air Leakage testing (Envelope Commissioning) is performed _____(when), according to _____(what) and what_____?

A

After substantial completion but Before occupancy,

according to ASHRAE 0-2005 and NIBS 3-2012.

46
Q

Feature 15 - Increased Ventilation: Buildings must supply fresh air ___% than ASHRAE?

A

30% higher

47
Q

16 - Humidity Control: Ventilation must maintain humidity between ___ and ___ for what period of time

A

30% to 50%

for 95% of all business hours

48
Q

An increase in Humidity by ___% can lead to formaldehyde off-gassing by ___.

A

35%

factor of 1.8-2.6

49
Q

17 - Direct Source Ventilation:

a) which rooms need to be separated (3)
b) what are the potential contaminants (3)
c) what methods of separation can be used

A

a) cleaning and chemical storage units, bathrooms, printer/copier rooms
b) VOCs, Ozone, mold and mildew
c) self-closing doors, exhausting air; not recirculated

50
Q

18 - Air Quality Monitoring: Indoor

a) which pollutants are measured (3)
b) how often is data collected,
c) who is data sent to, and
d) how often is it transmitted?

A

COP: carbon dioxide, ozone, particle count
once an hour
IWBI and occupants
annually

51
Q

18 - Air Quality Monitoring part 2, records:

how long are records kept?

A

min of 3 years

52
Q

Which 3 parameters need to be displayed on the air quality display?

How large is the screen?

A
  1. temperature
  2. humidity
  3. Carbon dioxode

15 cm x 13 cm

53
Q

19 - Operable Windows: what needs to be analyzed before integrating these into a design? (2)

A

prevailing breeze patterns

average contaminant levels

54
Q

19 - Operable Windows, Part 2: outdoor levels of what 4 parameters are measured, and where

A 
ozone
PM10
temp
humidity
within 1 mile
55
Q

19, part 3 - Window Operation management: open windows discouraged when poor air quality exists and should be indicated on smartphones and indicator lights if (3):

A

a) Ozone 51 ppb or PM10 over 50 ug/m3
b) temp differential with outside is 15 degrees +/-
c) humidity over 60%

56
Q

20 - Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems (DOAS) - should be verified by (2)

A

complies with local standards

design review by mechanical engineer

57
Q

21 - Displacement Ventilation: is met by (2)

A

air supply temp slightly cooler or warmer than desired temp

Underfloor Air Distribution

58
Q

22 - Pest Control: all food is stored (where) ___ and all indoor trash cans have a lid and less than 30 gal have ______

A

in sealed containers

hands-free operation, or under cabinetry in a pull-out drawer

59
Q

23- Advanced Air Purification: Part 1: ____ filtration is used to reduce VOCs and ozone

A

activated carbon

60
Q

In spaces with more than ____ occupants, ____ (2) is used to sanitize recirculated air.

A

10 regular occupants

UVGI or Photocatalytic oxidation

61
Q

24 - Combustion minimization, Part 3: What should be visible from pick-up/drop off parking areas:

A

No Idling over 30 seconds

62
Q

25 - Toxic Material Reduction, Part 1 - PFCs: No PFCs are present under this condition: (amount and %)

A

levels greater than 100 ppm that constitute 5% of weight in furnishings

63
Q

25 - part 2 - Flame Retardants: Where are they found (5) and what’s the limit?

A 
100 ppm; found in -
window and waterproof membranes
flooring, ceiling tiles, wallpaper
piping and electrical cables
insulation
upholstered furniture, textiles, fabrics
64
Q

Phthalate/Plasticizers/PVCs - Where are they found (3) and what’s the limit?

A

100 ppm
flooring
window blinds, vinyl shower curtains,
plumbing pipes

65
Q

25 - Toxic Material Reduction, Part 5 - Urea Formaldehyde: Where are they found (3) and what’s the limit?

A

100 ppm;
furniture/composite wood
laminating adhesives
Thermal Insulation

66
Q

26 - Enhanced Material Safety - project completes all imperatives of the Materials Petal in Living Building Challenge; or products are ___% by ____ certified (3 orgs)

A

25% by cost are
Declare Label
Cradle to Cradle
have no Green Screen Benchmark over 1,000 ppm

67
Q

27 - Antimicrobial Activity for Surfaces; High touch surfaces are (2):

A

coated with abrasion-resistant, non-leaching approved material
cleaned with UV cleaning device

68
Q

28 - Cleanable Environment - High-touch and non-porous surfaces must (3):

A

smooth and free of defects to the naked eye
smooth welds and joints
free of sharp angles, corners and crevices

69
Q

29 - Cleaning Equipment: Equipment must meet the following (3)

A

mops and rags should be microfiber Denier 1.0
HEPA filters for vacuum
mops not wrung by hand

70
Q

Poor ventilation can expose humans to: (3)

A

VOCs
Microbial Pathogens
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)

71
Q

VOCs include (2):

A

benzene

formaldehyde

72
Q

VOCs can be ____ times higher inside than outside

A

5

73
Q

VOC required documentation (2)

A

LOA Architect

LOA Contractor

74
Q

Carbon filters treat

A

VOCs, large PMs

75
Q

Media filters treat

A

small PMs

76
Q

Air filtration required documentation (3)

A

LEOS
LOA Engineer
Operating Schedule
Spot Check

77
Q

Construction Pollution Management required documentation (1)

A

LOA Contractor

78
Q

Entryway Air Seal. Three ways to do this:

A

vestibule with 2 normal doorways
revolving doors
3 normal doors with a separator

79
Q

Air Filtration Management required document (1)

A

annotated documents: commissioning report

80
Q

Displacement Ventilation system performance requirements (2)

A

Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis

meets ASHRAE 55

81
Q

24 - Combustion Minimization: What appliances are forbidden (5)?

A 
combustion-based fireplaces
stoves
space-heaters
ranges 
ovens
82
Q

24 - Combustion Minimization: combustion equipment that must meet CSCAQM rules for pollution (6)?

A 
internal combustion engines
furnaces
boilers
steam generators
process heaters
water heaters
83
Q

24 - Combustion Minimization: construction equipment must meet the following requirements (3)

A

non-road diesel vehicles comply with EPA or local standards
on-road diesel vehicles comply with EPA or local standards
loading area located away for air intakes and building openings non-road diesel vehicles comply with EPA or local standards

84
Q

Carbon monoxide has ____ times the binding affinity for ____ compared to _____.

A

210
hemoglobin
oxygen

85
Q

Hypoxia

A

lack of oxygen delivered to tissues

causes nausea, loss of consciousness and death

86
Q

28 - Cleanable Environment: 3 conditions must be met:

A

no permanent carpet
able to move items on high-touch surfaces
right angles are sealed

87
Q

29 - Cleaning Equipment: All cleaning storage meets the following (2):

A

bleach and ammonia products are kept in separate bins

bleach and ammonia products are clearly labeled

WELL AP 7.11.2020 (10 decks)

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