Air and Water Flashcards
Testing for water (2)
anhydrous copper (II) sulfate + water –> hydrous copper (II) sulfate
anhydrous cobalt (II) chloride + water –> hydrous cobalt (II) chloride
Treating water (5)
water goes to water treatment plant
water filtered through coarse gravel to remove dirt
water filtered through fine gravel + sand to remove small particles
chlorine passed through to kill bacteria
water supplied to homes + industry
Composition of air (3)
78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
Other gases 1%
Source of carbon monoxide
incomplete combustion of fossil fuels + other carbon sources
Effects of carbon monoxide
poisonous gas that combines with hemoglobin in red blood cells –> stops them from carrying oxygen
Source of Nitrogen oxides
car engines
Effect of Nitrogen oxides (2)
acid rain - combines with water in air
Nitrogen dioxide - can cause respiratory diseases (bronchitis)
Source of Sulfur Dioxide
combustion of fossil fuels which contain sulfur compounds
Effect of Sulfur Dioxide
causes acid rain - damages buildings + living organisms
Uses of catalytic convertors
fitted in cars - converting harmful gases into less harmful ones
Reactions in a catalytic convertors (3)
2NO –> N2 + O2
2CO + O2 –> 2CO2
2NO + 2CO –> N2 + 2CO2
Define corrosion (2)
when metals react with oxygen in air
layer of metal oxide form on surface of metal
Examples of barriers to stop metals coming into contact with oxygen and air (2)
Plastic
Grease
Define Galvanisation (2)
coating a metal in a layer of zinc
zinc will act as a barrier against air + water
Define sacrificial protection (2)
more reactive metal will corrode instead of protected metal
will give electrons to protected metal to stop it reacting with air + water
Natural Sources of carbon dioxide (3)
volcanic eruptions
respiration
naturally ocurring fires
Artificial sources of carbon dioxide (3)
burning fossil fuels
deliberate forest fires
production of cement
Sources of methane in atmosphere (3)
paddy fields
anaerobic decomposition of waste
digestive processes of farm animals
Essential elements for plants (3)
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Potassium
Purpose of Haber process
ammonia for fertilisers
Haber process chemical equation
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3
How is nitrogen acquired through the Haber process
from air through fractional distillation
How is hydrogen produced for the Haber process
reacting methane/natural gas with steam
Requirements for the Haber Process (2)
High pressure (200 atm) = ensure high yield of ammonia
moderately high temperature (450 degrees) = reaction does not reverse into reactants
How can carbon dioxide be artificially produced (in a lab) (2)
calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid –> carbon dioxide + water + calcium chloride
copper (II) carbonate / zin carbonate –> copper/zinc oxide + carbon dioxide
