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Science > Air > Flashcards

Air Flashcards

1
Q

What is air?

A

Air is a colourless and transparent mixture that forms a layer around the earth known as the atmosphere.

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2
Q

What is moving air called?

A

Wind.

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3
Q

What does a wind vane measure?

A

The direction of moving wind.

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4
Q

What is humidity?

A

Water vapour in the atmosphere.

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5
Q

What happens to water vapour when it condenses?

A

It forms clouds and eventually falls as rain.

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6
Q

What is the maximum percentage of water vapour in air?

A

4-5%.

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7
Q

What is the role of oxygen in combustion?

A

Oxygen is essential for burning.

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8
Q

How can the presence of carbon dioxide be tested?

A

By observing the colour change of lime water to milky white.

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9
Q

What do plants use carbon dioxide for?

A

To synthesise food through photosynthesis.

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10
Q

What are dust particles?

A

Small particles present in the air that can be observed in sunlight.

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11
Q

Why do factories have tall chimneys?

A

To release smoke containing harmful materials away from people.

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12
Q

What is the most abundant gas in the air?

A

Nitrogen (over 78%).

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13
Q

What is the composition of air?

A

A mixture of gases, water vapour, dust particles, and smoke.

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14
Q

Is air a mixture or a compound?

A

Air is a mixture.

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15
Q

What is the process of changing a gas into a liquid called?

A

Liquefaction of gas.

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16
Q

What is wind energy?

A

Energy produced from the movement of air.

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17
Q

How does air play a role in the water cycle?

A

Air is essential for the circulation of water in the water cycle.

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18
Q

What are combustible substances?

A

Substances that can burn in air.

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19
Q

What are non-combustible substances?

A

Substances that do not burn in air.

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20
Q

What is rust?

A

A brownish substance formed from the combination of iron and atmospheric oxygen.

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21
Q

What conditions are required for combustion?

A

Presence of fuel, air, and heat.

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22
Q

What is the ignition temperature?

A

The lowest temperature at which a substance burns.

23
Q

What is the chemical reaction for rusting?

A

Iron (Fe) + Oxygen (O2) + Water (H2O) → Rust (Fe2O3).

24
Q

What are some methods to prevent rusting?

A

Painting, galvanisation, and alloying.

25
Q

What is the oxygen-carbon dioxide cycle?

A

A balance maintained by plants producing oxygen and animals consuming it.

26
Q

What is air pollution?

A

Contamination of air with unwanted substances that harm living organisms.

27
Q

What is the definition of air pollution?

A

The contamination of air with unwanted substances that have harmful effects on both plants and animals.

Air pollutants are the substances that cause this contamination.

28
Q

What are the two main sources of air pollution?

A
  • Natural sources
  • Man-made sources
29
Q

What are natural sources of air pollution?

A
  • Forest fires
  • Volcanoes
30
Q

How do forest fires contribute to air pollution?

A

They emit large amounts of smoke into the atmosphere.

31
Q

What impact do volcanoes have on air quality?

A

They emit large amounts of harmful gases and dust particles into the atmosphere.

32
Q

What are some examples of man-made sources of air pollution?

A
  • Emissions from power plants
  • Automobile exhausts
  • Factories
  • Burning of fossil fuels and firewood
33
Q

What is carbon monoxide and how is it produced?

A

A toxic, colourless gas produced by the incomplete burning of fossil fuels, mainly from vehicles.

34
Q

What is smog?

A

A highly noxious mixture of pollutants formed by the combination of smoke and fog.

35
Q

What are the major oxides of sulphur and nitrogen that act as pollutants?

A
  • Sulphur dioxide
  • Nitrogen dioxide
36
Q

What are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and their impact on the environment?

A

CFCs are used in refrigerators and aerosol sprays, damaging the ozone layer.

37
Q

What are suspended particulate matter (SPM)?

A

Tiny particles produced from burning coal and petroleum and during industrial processes.

38
Q

What is the Green House Effect?

A

The increase in carbon dioxide levels leading to an increase in global temperature.

39
Q

What is global warming?

A

The rise in the overall temperature of the Earth due to increased CO2 levels.

40
Q

What health issues can result from inhalation of carbon monoxide?

A

Various respiratory diseases like asthma and lung cancer.

41
Q

What is acid rain and how does it form?

A

Rain that contains acids formed when sulphur dioxide combines with water vapour.

42
Q

What are green house gases?

A
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Methane
  • Chlorofluorocarbon
  • Nitrous oxide
43
Q

What methods can be used to prevent air pollution?

A
  • Using non-conventional energy sources
  • Increasing engine efficiency
  • Planting more trees
  • Recycling plastic and rubber
44
Q

True or False: Air pollution only affects humans.

A

False

45
Q

What effect does carbon monoxide have on human health?

A

It decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood by combining with haemoglobin.

46
Q

What respiratory issues are caused by sulphur dioxide?

A

Cough and throat irritation, and potential permanent lung damage.

47
Q

What are the effects of nitrogen dioxide exposure?

A

Damage to the lungs and other respiratory disorders.

48
Q

What was the impact of the great smog of 1952 in London?

A

It caused the darkening of streets and killed approximately 4,000 people in four days.

49
Q

What is ‘marble-cancer’?

A

Corrosion of marble caused by acid rains, affecting monuments like the Taj Mahal.

50
Q

What measures have been taken to protect the Taj Mahal from pollution?

A
  • Use of cleaner fuels like LPG and CNG
  • Switching to unleaded petrol
51
Q

What alternatives to traditional fuels can help reduce air pollution?

A
  • Solar energy
  • Wind energy
  • Hydropower energy
52
Q

What is the significance of planting trees in combating air pollution?

A

Trees use carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, reducing its concentration in the atmosphere.

53
Q

What initiative has the Delhi government started to improve air quality during Diwali?

A

An ‘Anti-cracker campaign’ to motivate students to avoid burning crackers.

Science (3 decks)

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