AIP EN ROUTE

Question 1

If unable to obtain a clearance for a deviation and the pilot considers there is no safer alternative course of action:

Answer 1

1) select code 7700;

2) broadcast an urgency message specifying details of the deviation on the appropriate ATC and emergency frequencies; and

3) repeat the urgency message at regular intervals.

Question 2

When making first contact with Approach Control, the following apply:

a. Not Identified

Answer 2

(i) DME or GNSS distance from aerodrome, if available;

(ii) VOR radial, GNSS track or compass quadrant from the aerodrome, or if issued a STAR clearance, the STAR designator;

(iii) assigned level;

(iv) flight conditions, if appropriate; and

(v) receipt of ATIS (code)

Question 3

When making first contact with Approach Control, the following apply:

b. Identified – report:

Answer 3

(i) assigned level;

(ii) flight conditions, if appropriate; and

(iii) receipt of ATIS (code).

Question 4

Departure Report - certain Class D aerodromes

At certain Class D aerodromes where the tower also provides a procedural approach control service (see ERSA), a pilot must report on the TWR frequency after take-off ……….?

Answer 4

a. tracking information; and

b. the last assigned altitude

However, this report is not required:

a. for VFR aircraft departing the control zone directly into Class G airspace; or

b. for aircraft that have been instructed to contact Centre, Approach or Departures once airborne - in which case an airborne report will be made on the relevant frequency.

Tracking information must confirm the track established with reference to the appropriate navigation aid or, if tracking via a SID, confirm the SID designator.

Question 5

Airborne Report in airspace with ATS Surveillance

In Class C and Class D control zones where an ATS surveillance service is provided, on first contact with Centre, Approach or Departures, a pilot must report ………….?

Answer 5

a. if assigned an initial heading - the direction of turn and

assigned heading;

b. the altitude passing, to nearest 100FT; and

c. the last assigned level.

Question 6

Frequency Changes

Answer 6

When frequency change instructions are issued immediately preceding the take-off clearance, pilots must transfer automatically from Tower as soon as practicable after take-off, preferably within one mile of becoming airborne.

2.7.4.2 In all other situations, pilots of departing aircraft are required to remain on Tower frequency until specific frequency change instructions are issued. Pilots can generally expect an instruction to contact Departures Control prior to reaching 2,000FT and should, when advised, effect the change as soon as possible.

2.7.4.3 When contacting Area Control, pilots must advise the last assigned level and, if not maintaining the assigned level, the level maintaining or last vacated level.

Note: The “last vacated level” may be omitted by identified aircraft squawking pressure altitude derived level information.

Question 7

During descent, when must a speed variation be advised to ATC?

Answer 7

A sustained speed variation of more than ±10KT IAS or ±M0.02 must be advised to ATC.

Question 8

When may ATC authorise a visual approach?

Answer 8

ATC Authorisation. Except as detailed in para 2.11.3.2, the criteria under which visual approaches may be authorised by ATC are as follows:

a. For an IFR flight:

(1) By day when:

– the aircraft is within 30NM of the aerodrome; and

– continuous visual reference to the ground or water; and

– visibility along the flight path is not less than 5,000M, or the aerodrome is in sight.

(2) By night when:

– continuous visual reference to the ground or water; and

– visibility along the flight path is not less than 5,000M; and

– the aircraft is within 30NM of the aerodrome; or

– if being vectored, the flight has been assigned the MVA and given heading or tracking instructions to

A. intercept final

or

B. to position the aircraft within the circling area of the aerodrome.

Question 9

When GNSS integrity is not assured, the following procedures must be adopted …….?

Answer 9

a. Aircraft tracking must be closely monitored against other on- board navigation systems.

b. The pilot in command of an aircraft must advise ATS if any of the following occurs:

		(1) during an en route phase of flight — there is 			RAIM loss or loss of GNSS integrity for more than 5 			minutes;

		(2) during a terminal phase of flight — there is RAIM 			loss or loss of GNSS integrity;

		(3) when ATS requests the provision of GNSS-derived 			information — RAIM or GNSS integrity is not 			available;

		(4) when ATS grants a clearance or imposes a 			requirement based on GNSS-derived information — 			RAIM or GNSS integrity is not available;

		(5) the GNSS receiver is in dead-reckoning mode, or 			experiences loss of its navigation function, for more 			than 1 minute.

c. If valid position information is lost, or non- RAIM operation exceeds 5 minutes, the GNSS information is to be considered unreliable and another means of navigation should be used until RAIM is restored and the aircraft is re-established on track.

d. Following re-establishment of RAIM, the appropriate ATS unit should be notified of RAIM restoration prior to using GNSS information. This will allow ATC to reassess the appropriate separation standards.

Question 10

What must pilots advise when changing frequency?

Answer 10

After any ATS directed frequency change, pilots must advise the last assigned level and, if not maintaining the assigned level, the level maintaining or last vacated level;

e.g. “MELBOURNE CENTRE (CALLSIGN) CLEARED FLIGHT LEVEL TWO ONE ZERO, LEAVING FLIGHT LEVEL TWO NINER ZERO”.

Note: The “last vacated level” may be omitted by identified aircraft squawking pressure altitude derived level information.

Question 11

What is the standard CTAF broadcast format?

Answer 11

a. {Location} Traffic

b. {Aircraft type}

c. {Callsign}

d. {Position/level/intentions}

e. {Location}

Question 12

Circuit height for high performance aircraft?

Answer 12

1500 ft aal

Question 13

Standard circuit direction?

Answer 13

Left hand

Question 14

Max circuit speed?

Answer 14

200 kts

Question 15

Minimum height for turn after take off?

Answer 15

500 ft agl

Question 16

What is the standard size of a circuit?

Answer 16

Pilots may vary the size of the circuit depending on:

a. the performance of the aircraft;

b. safety reasons; or

c. in accordance with the Aircraft Flight Manual, Pilot’s Operating Handbook, or company Standard Operating Procedures.

Question 17

Departing the circuit

Answer 17

Pilots of departing aircraft should depart by extending one of the standard circuit legs. An aircraft should not execute a turn opposite to the circuit direction unless the aircraft is well outside the circuit area and no traffic conflict exists.

This will normally be at least 3NM from the departure end of the runway. The distance may be less for aircraft with high climb performance. The distance should be based on pilots being aware of traffic and the ability of the aircraft to climb above and clear of the circuit area.

Note: Pilots of departing aircraft should be aware of traffic intending to join the circuit by the recommended overfly procedure, as they can be 2,000FT or higher above aerodrome elevation.

Question 18

Departure report

Answer 18

Question 19

Joining traffic circuit

Answer 19

Question 20

What is a circling approach?

Answer 20

Question 21

What are the restrictions on visual circling?

Answer 21

Question 22

During a circling approach when may you descend below the MDA?

Answer 22

Question 23

What is the size of the circling area?

Answer 23